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ID
PR 149
Andrew, presbyter in Ostia, near Rome, middle 6th c.
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ER358. Presbyter Andrew of Ostia is one of three consecrators of Pope Pelagius. Rome, AD 556. Account of the Liber Pontificalis (written in Rome), after AD 561.
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PR 150
Metropius, presbyter probably in Speyer (Gaul), ca 346
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ER357. The participants of the apocryphal Council of Cologne (Gaul), supposedly AD 346, mention a few presbyters living or sojourning in Gaul. Paragraphs 6, 11, and 13 of the Council of Cologne 346, written at an unknown date.
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PR 151
Iosias, a presbyter of Rusicade (North Africa), early 5th c.
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ER365. Presbyter Iosias of Rusicade arrives in Hippo. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, Letter 23*A, AD 419.
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PR 152
Hildimirus, archpresbyter in Orense (Iberian Peninsula) ca 589
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ER364. Subscriptions of the archpresbyters Gaianus of Asturias and Hildimirus of Orense (both in the Iberian Peninsula) in the acts of the Third Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 589).
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PR 153
Gaianus, archpresbyter in Ampurias (Iberian Peninsula), ca 589
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ER364. Subscriptions of the archpresbyters Gaianus of Asturias and Hildimirus of Orense (both in the Iberian Peninsula) in the acts of the Third Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula, AD 589).
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PR 154
Spanus, presbyter in Gaul, ca 398
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ER374. Canon 4 of the Council of Turin (Italy, AD 398) confirms the judgement imposed on the layman Palladius by Bishop Triferius for intending to commit a crime against the Presbyter Spanus.
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PR 155
Fructuosus, presbyter and abbot in Dumio (Iberian Peninsula), later bishop of Dumio and Braga, ob. 665.
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ER377. Fructuosus, presbyter in Iberian Peninsula, writes to Braulio, bishop of Saragossa (AD 649-651) asking him for explanation of a problematic passage in the Old Testament and for copies of the Conferences of Cassian and lives of saints for his monastery (ca AD 651).ER387. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa (AD 649-651) replies to the letter of the presbyter Fructuosus in Galicia. He praises his monastic vocation, answers to his scriptural questions, warns him of the Priscillian heresy and says that he does not have the copies of the requested books (ca AD 651).ER590. The presbyter Benenatus tells stories about the miracles of Saint Fructuosus, otherwise known to be a presbyter at Braga (died AD 660, Iberian Peninsula). Ps.-Valerius of Bierzo, "Life of Saint Fructuosus", ca AD 670/680.ER599. Presbyter Julian, once a monk in the monastery in Nono (unknown location in the southern Iberian Peninsula, probably near Cádiz) tells a story of its foundation by Fructuosus, who was possibly already a presbyter, in approximately the middle of the 7th century. Ps.-Valerius of Bierzo, "Life of Saint Fructuosus", ca AD 670/680.ER600. The presbyter Benenatus tells a story about the nun Benedicta. Ps.-Valerius of Bierzo, "Life of Saint Fructuosus," ca 650/680.
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PR 156
Ajax, Arian cleric from Gaul, missionary in Galicia (Iberian Peninsula), ca 465-466
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ER378. Ajax, Arian cleric probably from Gaul is sent as a missionary to the Suevi in Galicia (Iberian Peninsula), ca AD 465-466. Account of Hydatius, writing in Chaves (Iberian Peninsula), ca AD 468-469.
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PR 157
Exuperantius, presbyter in Gaul, ca 398
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ER379. Canon 5 of the Council of Turin (Italy, AD 398) decrees, dealing with the case of the Presbyter Exuperantius, that only the bishop who excommunicated a presbyter can reinstate him.
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PR 158
Commodian, presbyter in North Africa, early 5th c.
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ER383. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, meets the Presbyter Commodian. Augustine, Letter 9*. North Africa, AD 422-429.
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PR 159
Severus, presbyter at Huesca (Iberian Peninsula), accused of Priscillianism, early 5th c.
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ER384. Consentius, a layman from the Balearic Isles, repeats the account of Fronto describing the activities and the process of the presbyter Severus, accused of Priscillianism. Severus was a relative of Count Asterius, a military commander in Spain. A letter of Consentius to Augustine, bishop of Hippo, AD 420 (Letter 11* in Augustine`s correspondence).
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PR 160
Leontius, presbyter in the early 5th c.
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ER388. Consentius, a layman from the Balearic Isles, mentions his argument with the presbyter Leontius. A letter of Consentius to Augustine, bishop of Hippo, AD 420 (Letter 12* in Augustine`s correspondence).
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PR 161
Orosius, presbyter from Galicia (Iberian Peninsula), ca 375-after 418
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ER387. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa (AD 649-651) replies to the letter of the presbyter Fructuosus in Galicia. He praises his monastic vocation, answers to his scriptural questions, warns him of the Priscillian heresy and says that he does not have the copies of the requested books (ca AD 651).ER402. Orosius, presbyter from Galicia (Iberian Peninsula), travels from Africa to Minorca (Balearic Isles) with relics of St Stephen. Being unable to cross over to Spain because of war he leaves the relics in the church in Magona, and goes back to Africa, in AD 418. Account of Severus of Minorca, Letter on the Conversion of the Jews, AD 418.ER497. The bishops gathered at the council of Carthage (North Africa), AD 416, write to Pope Innocent I about their continuous opposition to Caelestius, whom they refused to ordain as presbyter in AD 411 and who was ordained afterwards elsewhere. (Letter 175 in Augustine`s correspondence).ER603. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to Jerome, presbyter at Bethlehem, mentioning the presbyters Orosius and Innocent. Letter 19*, AD 416.ER604. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to Jerome in Bethlehem, praising the Spanish Presbyter Orosius, who is going to deliver this letter. Lettter 166, AD 415.ER605. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), mentions the Spanish presbyter Orosius and his travels in his letter to Evodius, bishop of Uzalis. Letter 169, AD 415.ER609. Jerome of Stridon, a presbyter in Bethlehem, writes to Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), mentioning presbyters Orosius and Firmus. Letter 134, AD 416.ER623. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to a Roman nobleman, Oceanus, mentioning the presbyter Orosius and his recent travels between Palestine, Rome and Africa. Letter 180, AD 416.ER674. Orosius, presbyter from the Iberian Peninsula, writes seven books "Against the pagans", ca AD 410-423. Account in the "Lives of Illustrious Men" by Gennadius of Marseille, writing in Marseille (Gaul), ca AD 490.ER880. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), refers to Presbyters Orosius, Jerome, and Urbanus in the context of the Pelagian controversy. Augustine, Sermon 348A (Dolbeau 30), AD 416.ER951. The Burgundians become Christians and received Roman clergy who provided them pastoral care. The beginning of the fifth century. Account of Orosius, "History against the pagans" written probably in Africa in AD 416–418.ER953. Caelestius, disciple of Pelagius wants to be ordained presbyter in Carthage (North Africa), but is not allowed to by the council in 411. Presbyter Orosius relates this case at the assembly in Jerusalem in AD 415. Orosius, Liber Apologeticus, AD 415.ER954. Orosius, presbyter from Braga (Iberian Peninsula) composes the Book in Defence against the Pelagians (Liber Apologeticus) as a consequence of his participation in the conference presided over by John, bishop of Jerusalem (East) in AD 415. He addresses his work to the priests present at this assembly.ER975. Bishop John of Jerusalem (Palestine) accuses Presbyter Orosius who came to pay him his respects on the day of the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem of blasphemy (12 September 415). Orosius, Book in Defence against the Pelagians, AD 415.ER1041. Orosius, presbyter from Braga (Iberian Peninsula) addresses his work on the Priscillianist and Origenist heresies to Bishop Augustine of Hippo (Latin North Africa), whom he considers his teacher, in order to inform him what spiritual dangers threaten the Christianity in Spain, Orosius`s fatherland. Orosius, Commonitorium written in North Africa, AD 414.ER1341. Avitus, presbyter of Braga (Iberian Peninsula) writes a letter to Bishop Balconius Braga and his clergy, in which he informs about the discovery of the relics of St. Stephen in Caphargamala (Palestine). He attaches to the letter his translation of the account about the discovery of relics, written by the presbyter Lucianus of Caphargamala, AD 416.ER1702. Presbyter Orosius` historical writings (early fifth century) are the source of information for Gregory of Tours. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 573–594.
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PR 162
Deogratias, presbyter, later bishop in Carthage (North Africa), the first half of the 5th c.
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ER413. Augustine, bishop of Hippo sends a letter to some clerics in Carthage, among them the Presbyters Deogratias and Theodore, through the Presbyter Mascelio whom he commends to their hospitality. Augustine, Letter 25*, North Africa, AD 419.ER532. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to the presbyters Deogratias and Theodore of Carthage, who asked him for an explanation on the nature of the Holy Spirit. Augustine, Letter 173A, AD 416/430.ER566. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes a letter to the Presbyter Deogratias. Augustine, Letter 102, 406/412 AD.ER567. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), mentions information obtained via Deogratias, probably a presbyter. Augustine, Letter 249, AD 395/411.ER570. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to the deacon Restitutus of Carthage, mentioning the Presbyter Deogratias. Letter 249 (AD 395/411).ER591. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), writes to the deacon Restitutus of Carthage, mentioning the presbyter Deogratias. Letter 249, AD 395/411.
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PR 163
Theodore, presbyter in Carthage (North Africa), 410s.
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ER413. Augustine, bishop of Hippo sends a letter to some clerics in Carthage, among them the Presbyters Deogratias and Theodore, through the Presbyter Mascelio whom he commends to their hospitality. Augustine, Letter 25*, North Africa, AD 419.ER532. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to the presbyters Deogratias and Theodore of Carthage, who asked him for an explanation on the nature of the Holy Spirit. Augustine, Letter 173A, AD 416/430.
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PR 164
Mascelio, presbyter of Hippo Regius (North Africa), 410s.
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ER413. Augustine, bishop of Hippo sends a letter to some clerics in Carthage, among them the Presbyters Deogratias and Theodore, through the Presbyter Mascelio whom he commends to their hospitality. Augustine, Letter 25*, North Africa, AD 419.
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ID
PR 165
Augustine of Hippo
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ER419. Augustine, presbyter at Hippo (North Africa) recalls his presbyterial ordination and asks his bishop for a short leave to study the Scriptures to be better prepared for the job. Augustine, Letter 21, North Africa, AD 391.ER429. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, recalls how while still a presbyter he wrote his first letter to Jerome. Augustine, Letter 71, North Africa, ca AD 403.ER473. The people of Hippo Regius (North Africa) want to ordain Pinianus, a very rich man, against his will. Augustine dissuades them, making some reflections on wealth in the disposition of presbyters and bishops. Augustine, Letter 126, AD 411.ER707. Argentius is a presbyter at Hasna (North Africa), where the Circumcellions invaded the Catholic basilica. Augustine, then presbyter at Hippo, Letter 29, AD 395.ER711. Augustine of Hippo (North Africa) refers to his recent ordination as the coadjutor of Bishop Valerius. Augustine, Letter 31, AD 396/397.ER795. Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) enumerates works written by him when still a presbyter (391-395 AD). Augustine, "Retractions", 426/427 AD.ER796. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) recounts how he preached as presbyter in the presence of bishops at the Council of Hippo (AD 393). Augustine, "Retractions", AD 426/427.ER798. Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) recounts his dispute (as a presbyter) with Fortunatus, a Manichaean presbyter (AD 392). Augustine, "Retractions", AD 426/427.ER836. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), recounts his presbyterial ordination and the beginning of the monastic community at Hippo in AD 391. Augustine, Sermon 355, AD 425/426.ER906. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius confirms that while a presbyter (391-395), he was accused of misconduct by Megalius, the bishop of Calama, who later withdrew his accusation. Augustine, "Against Petilianus", Book 3, AD 401/403.ER908. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius, is accused by the Donatist Petilian of having been a Manichaean presbyter. Augustine, "Against Petilianus", Book 3, 401/403 AD.ER1358. The people of Hippo Regius (North Africa) force Augustine to accept the presbyterial ordination, AD 391. Account of Possidius, "Life of Augustine", AD 432/437.ER1359. Augustine, then a presbyter, establishes a monastery in Hippo Regius (North Africa), AD 391. Account of Possidius, "Life of Augustine", AD 432/437.ER1363. Bishop Valerius of Hippo Regius (North Africa), AD 391, allows the presbyter Augustine to preach. Account of Possidius, "Life of Augustine", AD 432/437.ER1364. Presbyter Augustine of Hippo Regius (North Africa) holds a public dispute with the Manichaean Presbyter Fortunatus, AD 392. Account of Possidius, "Life of Augustine", AD 432/437.ER1383. Presbyter Augustine initially declines to be ordained the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) when his predecessor is still alive, AD 395. Account of Possidius, "Life of Augustine", AD 432/437.ER1384. Augustine of Hippo Regius (North Africa) prays for the demoniacs and heals them, both as a presbyter and as a bishop. AD 391-430. Account of Possidius, "Life of Augustine", AD 432/437.ER2063. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Bishop Alypius of Thagaste (North Africa). Among other things, he claims that Ambrose of Milan wanted him to join his clergy. Account of Paulinus of Nola, Letter 3, AD 395.ER2066. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Augustine of Hippo (North Africa), later bishop of that city. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 4, AD 395.
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PR 166
Maximus, presbyter at Rome, middle of 3th c.
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ER431. Presbyters Moyses and Maximus are imprisoned after the death of Fabian, bishop of Rome (AD 250 AD). Moyses dies in prison. Novatus comes from Africa and separates Novatian from the Church. Account of the Liber Pontificalis (written in Rome), AD 530/546.ER435. Novatus ordains Novatianus a bishop. Some of the confessors and presbyters who separated themselves from Pope Cornelius (AD 251-253) return to the church. Account of the Liber Pontificalis (written in Rome), AD 530/546.ER1097. Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage (North Africa) informs Cornelius, the bishop of Rome, about the activities of schismatic bishops, former presbyters Fortunatus and Maximus. Cyprian, Letter 59, AD 252.ER1234. Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage, congratulates Moyses and Maximus, presbyters of Rome, and other confessors, on their faith in the face of persecutions. Cyprian, Letter 28, AD 250.ER1237. The presbyters and confessors of Rome write to Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage (North Africa). They agree with him in condemning the excessively easy reconciliation granted to the lapsed of Carthage by some presbyters. Letter 31 in the epistolary of Cyprian, AD 250.ER1238. Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage (North Africa), sends to his clergy the copies of his correspondence with the Roman clergy; he asks them to distribute them further. Cyprian, Letter 32, AD 250.ER1241. Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage (North Africa), praises the Roman presbyters Moyses and Maximus and other confessors for their behaviour when imprisoned, and asks for their prayers. Cyprian, Letter 37, AD 250.ER1269. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, informs Cornelius, bishop of Rome, that he did not accept into communion the followers of Novatian, among them the presbyter Maximus. Cyprian, Letter 44, AD 251.ER1272. Cornelius, bishop of Rome, writes to Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, about the return of some of the confessors to the Church, the presbyter Maximus among them, who was allowed by Cornelius to sit again in his place. Cornelius, Letter 49 in the epistolary of Cyprian, AD 251.ER1273. Cornelius, bishop of Rome, informs Cyprian, bishop of Carthage (North Africa), about the schismatics, among them presbyters. Letter 50 in the epistolary of Cyprian, AD 251.ER1274. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage (North Africa), congratulates Cornelius, bishop of Rome, on the return of some of the confessors, among them Presbyter Maximus, to the unity of the Church. Cyprian, Letter 51, AD 251.ER1276. Roman confessors, among them the Presbyter Maximus, inform Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage, that they made peace with their Bishop Cornelius. In response, Cyprian congratulates them on it. Cyprian, Letters 53 and 54, AD 251.ER1277. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage (North Arfica), writes to Bishop Antonianus, who tends towards the Novatian schism. Cyprian reminds him about the history of the controversy.ER1396. Cornelius, the bishop of Rome, describes in his letter to Fabius, the bishop of Antioch in Syria, the career of the presbyter Novatianus, from his baptism to the unlawful episcopal ordination; he mentions the numbers of the Roman clerics of different grades. Rome, AD 251/252. Transmitted in Eusebius of Caesarea, "Ecclesiastical History", AD 300/324 (erroneously speaking about Novatus).
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PR 167
Novatian, presbyter at Rome, later antipope, middle 3rd c.
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ER431. Presbyters Moyses and Maximus are imprisoned after the death of Fabian, bishop of Rome (AD 250 AD). Moyses dies in prison. Novatus comes from Africa and separates Novatian from the Church. Account of the Liber Pontificalis (written in Rome), AD 530/546.ER435. Novatus ordains Novatianus a bishop. Some of the confessors and presbyters who separated themselves from Pope Cornelius (AD 251-253) return to the church. Account of the Liber Pontificalis (written in Rome), AD 530/546.ER1269. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, informs Cornelius, bishop of Rome, that he did not accept into communion the followers of Novatian, among them the presbyter Maximus. Cyprian, Letter 44, AD 251.ER1388. Novatian, a presbyter of the Church of Rome, separates himself from the Church creating a rigorist schism. He is excommunicated by the council of bishops and presbyters. Rome, AD 251. Account of Eusebius of Caesarea (Palestine), "Ecclesiastical History", AD 300/324 (erroneously speaking about Novatus).ER1396. Cornelius, the bishop of Rome, describes in his letter to Fabius, the bishop of Antioch in Syria, the career of the presbyter Novatianus, from his baptism to the unlawful episcopal ordination; he mentions the numbers of the Roman clerics of different grades. Rome, AD 251/252. Transmitted in Eusebius of Caesarea, "Ecclesiastical History", AD 300/324 (erroneously speaking about Novatus).ER2248. Presbyter Novatian of Rome tried to usurp the bishopric of Rome and taught that the lapsi should not be admitted as penitents, following the doctrine of the presbyter Novatus of Carthage (North Africa), ca 250. Jerome, "On Illustrious Men", Betlehem, AD 392-393.
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PR 169
Jerome of Stridon, presbyter in Antioch, Rome, and Bethlehem
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ER429. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, recalls how while still a presbyter he wrote his first letter to Jerome. Augustine, Letter 71, North Africa, ca AD 403.ER603. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to Jerome, presbyter at Bethlehem, mentioning the presbyters Orosius and Innocent. Letter 19*, AD 416.ER609. Jerome of Stridon, a presbyter in Bethlehem, writes to Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), mentioning presbyters Orosius and Firmus. Letter 134, AD 416.ER624. The presbyter Cornutus carries a letter of Hesychius, bishop of Salona (Dalmatia) to Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), and Augustine`s response back to Hesychius. Letters 197 and 198 in Augustine`s correspondence, AD 419/420.ER645. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) receives letters from the presbyter Jerome in Bethlehem via the presbyter Firmus (among others). Letter 82, AD 404/405.ER657. Jerome is ordained presbyter in Rome, ca AD 382/385, the city in which he had been educated. Account in the "Lives of Illustrious Men" by Gennadius of Marseille, writing in Marseille (Gaul), ca AD 490.ER880. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), refers to Presbyters Orosius, Jerome, and Urbanus in the context of the Pelagian controversy. Augustine, Sermon 348A (Dolbeau 30), AD 416.ER964. Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) includes the presbyter Jerome in the list of the authority figures who have maintained the doctrine of original sin. Augustine, "Against Julian", AD 421/422.ER1439. Bishop Innocent of Rome in the letter to Aurelius, bishop of Carthage, calls Jerome his "compresbyter", AD 417. Letter 44 included in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the 6th c.ER2057. Jerome, presbyter in Bethlehem, explains to Presbyter Paulinus of Nola that it is impossible to be both a presbyter and a monk. Jerome, Letter 58, ca 395.ER2066. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Augustine of Hippo (North Africa), later bishop of that city. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 4, AD 395.ER2205. Jerome, commenting on the letters of Paul, claims that in the early Church presbyters held the same authority as bishops, and the dioceses were governed by the councils of presbyters. Jerome, Commentary on Titus, Betlehem, ca 388.ER2392. Draft: Epifanius, bishop of Salamina (Cyprus) explains the reasons for ordaining Paulinianus as presbyter; among them that Jerome and Vincentius did not perform presbiterial duties. Letter 51 in the correspondence of Jerome, AD 394.ER2397. Jerome, presbyter in Bethlehem, writes to Amandus, presbyter in Bordeaux, responding about biblical queries. Jerome, Letter 55, ca AD 394 .
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