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ID
ER 2148
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Bonifatius, who reposes together with the Presbyters Valentinus and Xystus, in the place provided to him by the Presbyters Peter and Micinus, of the titular church of St Crisogonus. Rome, 5th/6th c.
ID
ER 2154
Funerary inscription of an anonymous presbyter of the titular church of Lucina, founded by his wife. Rome, probably 5th c.
ID
ER 2175
Funerary inscription of an anoymous presbyter in Ariccia (Central Italy), probably 5th c.
ID
ER 904
Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius, refers to the cases of the Donatist bishops and presbyters deposed for love affairs. "Against Petilianus", Book 2, AD 401.
ID
ER 905
Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius mentions the avarice and drunkenness of Donatist bishops and presbyters. "Against Petilianus", Book 2, 401 AD.
ID
ER 906
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius confirms that while a presbyter (391-395), he was accused of misconduct by Megalius, the bishop of Calama, who later withdrew his accusation. Augustine, "Against Petilianus", Book 3, AD 401/403.
ID
ER 908
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius, is accused by the Donatist Petilian of having been a Manichaean presbyter. Augustine, "Against Petilianus", Book 3, 401/403 AD.
ID
ER 909
Splendonius, a Catholic deacon in Gaul, is condemned by the Catholic Church, rebaptised by the Donatists, ordained presbyter in Constantina (North Africa), and later condemned by the Donatist Church. Augustine, "Against Petilianus", Book 3, 401/403 AD.
ID
ER 2198
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Paul from Ratiaria (Dacia), 5th or 6th century.
ID
ER 2199
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Buraidus from Serdica, the 5th or 6th century.
ID
ER 2200
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Maxentius from Serdica, the 5th or 6th century.
ID
ER 2201
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Leonianus discovered in Serdica, 5th or 6th century.
ID
ER 666
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) urges the presbyter Quintianus to seek reconciliation with Aurelius, the bishop of Carthage, who excommunicated him. He admonishes Quintianus not to read publicly the non-canonical books and explains to him some rules regarding accepting people into monasteries. Augustine, Letter 64, AD 401.
ID
ER 2206
Funerary inscription of the presbyter Honorius found in the cemetery of Manastirine in Salona (Dalmatia), the 5th or the first half of the 6th century.
ID
ER 432
Presbyter Boniface and the monk Spes accuse each other of sexual misconduct. Augustine, their bishop, cannot determine the truth, so he sends them to the shrine of St Felix in Nola. Augustine does not want to remove Boniface from the list of the clergy before their return. Augustine of Hippo, Letter 78, North Africa, AD 411/418. The same information is provided by Letter 77.
ID
ER 2242
The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius issue a law exempting clerics from the tax associated with the buying and selling of food. They should also be exempted from the compulsory public labour. The law issued on 14 July 401, included in the Theodosian Code (16.2.36) published in 438.
ID
ER 710
Abundantius, a presbyter in one of the villages of the diocese of Hippo Regius (North Africa), breaks the fast on Christmas Eve and spends a night in the house of the female inn-keeper. He confessed his guilt and was deposed by his bishop, Augustine, who now grants him a recommendation letter to the presbyter of the village where he wants to settle, and admits that Abundantius may appeal to the council of six bishops. Account of Augustine, Letter 65, AD 401/402.
ID
ER 1736
Presbyters who have conceived children should be removed from their office. Pope Innocent I, Letter 38, to the bishops of Calabria, Rome, AD 401/417.
ID
ER 1737
Nobody who was a penitent is to be admitted to clergy. Letter 39 of Pope Innocent I, "Multa in provincia", to the bishops of Apulia, Rome, AD 401/417.
ID
ER 2027
Funerary inscription of Archpresbyter Luparius of Bologna (Northern Italy).
ID
ER 2100
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus passes Sulpicius` request for historical facts on to the presbyter Rufinus of Aquileia (Italy). Paulinus of Nola, Letter 28, AD 402/404.
ID
ER 2107
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus sends to Sulpicius relics of the True Cross for his newly built basilica in Primuliacum. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 31, AD 402/403.
ID
ER 1600
Bishop Hilarius and the Presbyter Elpidius travel to Rome to inform Pope Innocent I about the turmoil in Spain following the First Council of Toledo (AD 400). The matter is discussed at the assembly of the presbyters at Rome. Letter 3 of Pope Innocent I, "Saepe me", to the Spanish bishops, Rome, ca AD 403.
ID
ER 1610
Clerics who turn to secular activities after their ordination should be deposed. Curiales should not be admitted to ordination. Letter 3 of Pope Innocent I, "Saepe me", to the Spanish bishops, Rome, ca AD 403.
ID
ER 1611
Pope Innocent I prescribes the rules for accepting into the ecclesiactical orders those who were baptized as children and those who were not. Letter 3 of Pope Innocent I, "Saepe me", to the Spanish bishops, Rome, ca AD 403.
ID
ER 2108
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus describes the edifices built by Sulpicius in Primuliacum: two basilicas and a baptistry. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2119
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus sends Sulpicius poems he composed in the praise of monk and Presbyter Clarus. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2122
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus comments on the erection of the new, larger basilica in Primuliacum, and prepares inscriptions praising relics buried beneath the altar. Relics support prayers the priest is saying at the altar. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2125
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Sulpicius Severus from Primuliacum (Gaul). Paulinus describes his ecclesiastical foundations at Nola and Fundi. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 32, AD 403/404.
ID
ER 2140
Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Alethius, probably brother of Florentius, bishop of Cahors (Gaul). Alethius asked Paulinus for an example of his "genius and eloquence". Hence, Paulinus sends his sermon to Alethius. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 33 and 34, AD 400/406.
ID
ER 1540
Pope Innocent I says that there are no exceptions to the rule that a priest must be a husband of one wife. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 1541
Pope Innocent I repeats the prohibition of ordaining clerics from other Churches and accepting clerics excommunicated in other Churches. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 1564
Pope Innocent I explains why the priests and deacons should maintain chastity after their ordination. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 1575
Monks who become clerics should remain celibate. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 2351
Jerome compares presbyters to the senate of the bishop. Jerome, "Commentary on Isaiah", AD 404-410.
ID
ER 2352
Jerome counts presbyters among five orders of the Church. Jerome, "Commentary on Isaiah", AD 404-410.
ID
ER 1586
If a nun blessed by a priest sinned with a man, she may be admitted to penitence only after his death. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 1590
The curiales should not be admitted to clergy, because they are later revoked to their former duties. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 594
Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), informs Paulinus, presbyter at Nola (Italy), and his wife Therasia that he has sent them another letter through Fortunatianus, the presbyter of Thagaste, travelling to Rome. Augustine, Letter 80, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 1627
Presbyters Germanus, Cassianus, and Paul carry letters between the bishops of Rome, Constantinople and Antioch. Letters 7, 19, and 20 of Pope Innocent I (AD 401-417).
ID
ER 877
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) mentions his relationship with the bishop of Constantina (Fortunatus), previously a presbyter at Thagaste. Augustine, Sermon 359B (Dolbeau 2), AD 404.
ID
ER 645
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) receives letters from the presbyter Jerome in Bethlehem via the presbyter Firmus (among others). Letter 82, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 705
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), challenges to a debate the Manichaean presbyter of this city (successor to Fortunatus). Letter 79, AD 404.
ID
ER 714
Honoratus, presbyter from Thiave, joined a monastery at Thagaste (both in North Africa) and died without making a will. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius, writes to Alypius, bishop of Thagaste, explaining to him that the inheritance should be given to the people of Thiave. Augustine, Letter 83, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 1492
Pope Innocent I forbids admitting into clergy those who served as soldiers after being baptized. Letter 2 of Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
ID
ER 2099
Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Leontius and his grandson. Rome, 4th/5th c.
ID
ER 1612
Pope Innocent I requires the deacons and presbyters to maintain chastity. Letter 6 of Pope Innocent I, "Consulenti tibi", to Bishop Exsuperius of Toulouse (Gaul), Rome, AD 405.
ID
ER 913
A presbyter, father of the Catholic bishop of Thubursicu Bure (North Africa) dies as a result of the assault of the Donatists, AD 404. Augustine, "Against Cresconius", Book 3, ca AD 406.
ID
ER 914
The Donatist presbyter Crispinus organises an ambush against Catholics. His bishop and relative, Crispinus, does not punish him, and as the result is declared a heretic by the proconsul. Calama (North Africa), AD 404. Account of Augustine, "Against Cresconius", Book 3, ca. AD 406.
ID
ER 917
Restitutus, an ex-Donatist presbyter, is kidnapped, beaten, and imprisoned by the Donatists. Hippo Regius, North Africa, ca 405. Augustine, "Against Cresconius", Book 3, ca AD 406.
ID
ER 812
Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) says that only those free of grave sins can be ordained. "Tractates on the Gospel of John", AD 406/420.
ID
ER 566
Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes a letter to the Presbyter Deogratias. Augustine, Letter 102, 406/412 AD.
ID
ER 715
Donatist presbyters beat and humiliate an ex-Donatist presbyter who became a Catholic. The Catholic clergy of Hippo Regius (North Africa) complain to the Donatist primate Januarius about this and the fact that the perpetrators are still presbyters. Letter 88 in Augustine`s correspondence, AD 406/411.
ID
ER 460
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa0, sends a letter to Caecilian, the governor of the province of Africa, through a presbyter who can provide Caecilian with further information on the attacks of the Donatists against Catholics. Augustine, Letter 86, AD 406/409.
ID
ER 462
Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) reports that some Donatist presbyters threatened Catholics with death. Augustine, Letter 105, AD 406/410.
ID
ER 464
A Catholic presbyter was sent by Augustine, bishop of Hippo, to the mainly Donatist town of Siniti. The Donatists expelled him. Augustine, Letter 105, North Africa, AD 406/410.
ID
ER 469
Apponius dedicates his "Commentary to the Song of Songs" to the presbyter Armenius, probably in Italy, at the beginning of the 5th century.
ID
ER 470
Restitutus, ex-Donatist presbyter who passed to the Catholic Church, is kidnapped and maltreated by the Donatists. Region of Hippo (North Africa), before AD 405. Account of Augustine of Hippo, "Against Cresconius", AD 406/410.
ID
ER 878
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) argues for the validity of the baptism administered by presbyters-sinners. Augustine, Sermon 293A (Dolbeau 3 = Mainz 7), AD 407.
ID
ER 717
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) writes to Vincentius, a Donatist (Rogatist) bishop. He lectures him on the unicity of the baptism, mentioning incidentally that Vincentius was performing baptisms while still a presbyter. Augustine, Letter 93, AD 407/408.
ID
ER 2345
The Emperors Honorius and Arcadius issue a law which orders clerics who have been condemned by their bishops and who belong to the curial class to join the municipal councils. On 27 November 408 in Ravenna (Italy). The Sirmondian Constitution 9.
ID
ER 2147
The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius issue the law according to which a person from the guild of swine-collectors who took holy orders has to either assume his public service anyway or cede his property for the guild. The law issued on 15 January 408, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2251
The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius issue a law according to which clerics who left the holy orders or were expelled because of their evil life should be obliged to fulfill their duties in the municipal councils (if they were decurions by birth) or other public services (if they were of lower classes). The law issued on 27 November 408, included in the Theodosian Code (16.2.39) published in 438 and in the Breviary of Alaric published in 506 in Gaul.
ID
ER 461
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) sends a letter to Olympius, the magister officiorum at the court of Ravenna, through a presbyter of Milevis, who passed through Hippo on his way to Ravenna with the letters of his bishop and townfolk. Augustine, Letter 97, AD 408.
ID
ER 531
Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), sends a letter to the presbyter Victorianus (of unknown place). Augustine, Letter 111, AD 409.
ID
ER 598
Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa) sends the presbyter Caelestinus to the tribune of the harbour of Hippo to remind him about the laws in favour of people detained because of their debts. Augustine, Letter 114, AD 409/423.
ID
ER 1649
Pope Innocent I writes to Bishop Marcianus of Niš about the clerics ordained by Bishop Bonosus before his condemnation for heresy. Innocent I, Letter 16, ca AD 412/414.
ID
ER 2220
The Emperors Arcadius and Honorius issue a law according to which violence against priests, clerics and churches should be punished with capital sentence.The law issued on 15 January 409, included in the Theodosian Code (16.2.31) published in 438 and repeated in in the Justinian Code, promulgated in 529 and then again 534 (1.3.10).
ID
ER 463
Ex-Donatist presbyters who converted to Catholicism are physically attacked by their former co-religionists. Augustine, Letter 105, North Africa, AD 409/410.
ID
ER 466
Augustine, the Catholic bishop of Hippo, reproaches Donatist bishops of Hippo for accepting and rebaptizing Catholic clerics who have been excommunicated by their presbyters. Augustine, Letter 108 (to Macrobius, the Donatist bishop of Hippo), North Africa, AD 409/410.
ID
ER 472
The tribune of harbour of Hippo Regius (North Africa) refuses the request of Augustine, the bishop of the city, that the presbyter sent by him may see Faventius, who was arrested for his debts. Augustine, Letter 115, AD 409/423.
ID
ER 826
The presbyters of Hippo Regius (North Africa) impose a penance on the faithful who participated in superstitious practices on the day of St John the Baptist. Augustine, Sermon 196, ca AD 415.
ID
ER 2142
The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II issue the law which orders clerics obliged to the service in municipal councils who failed to fulfil their duty to be restored to the curial status or to lose their property for their municipality. The law issued on 24 May 410, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 2143
The Emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius issue the law which allows the decurions who became presbyters, deacons, or exorcists before the year 388 to be exempt from the service in municipal councils. Whoever was ordained later, must offer his property for the municipal service. The law issued on 17 June 390, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.
ID
ER 876
Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), preaching in Hippo Diarrhytus, mentions the violence of Donatists against the Catholics. Sermon 359, ca AD 411.
ID
ER 926
A Donatist presbyter gives to a certain Constantinus a Donatist pamphlet about baptism. Augustine, "On the Only Baptism", AD 410/411.
ID
ER 927
Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), is incensed by the Donatist practice of rebaptising converts, even the presbyters and bishops. Augustine, "On the Only Baptism", AD 410/411.
ID
ER 928
The Donatists claim that the Roman presbyters Miltiades, Marcellus and Sylvester, all future popes, betrayed during the persecution of AD 303. Account of Augustine, "On the Only Baptism", AD 410/411.
ID
ER 2324
Presbyter Saturninus is among the martyrs of Abitina, apprehended while celebrating the Sunday Eucharist and killed in Carthage (North Africa) in AD 304. Account of the "Passio of Saturninus, Dativus and their companions", written in Africa, probably in the early 5th c.
ID
ER 533
Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to the Donatist presbyter Donatus, who tried to commit suicide and may have been manhandled by the Catholics afterwards. Augustine, Letter 173, AD 411/414.
ID
ER 550
Catholic presbyters are killed and beaten by Donatists. Augustine, Letter 133, North Africa, AD 411/412.
ID
ER 556
Catholic presbyters are killed and mutilated by the Donatists. Augustine, Letter 134, North Africa, AD 411/412.
ID
ER 1111
A Catholic presbyter serves the community of Medianas Zabuniorum (North Africa) after the death of its bishop and before the nomination of a new one. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 1130
Catholic presbyter Gildo serves the community of Lamzella after the death of its bishop and before the nomination of the new one. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 1139
Victorinianus, the Donatist bishop of Aquae (North Africa) is said to have been a presbyter and ordained on the way to the Conference of Carthage in AD 411. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 1171
The Donatist presbyter Manilius of Vasua (North Africa) signs the Donatist mandate during the Conference of Carthage in AD 411 for his blind bishop. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 1176
The Catholics claim to have a presbyter in Zerta (North Africa) in AD 411. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 925
The Donatists have only a presbyter, not a bishop, in Usula (North Africa) in 411 AD. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, 411 AD.
ID
ER 418
Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), recounts how the presbyters expelled a certain unworthy ostiarius from his function. Augustine, Letter 26*, North Africa, 411/430 AD.
ID
ER 932
During the Conference of Carthage (AD 411) the Catholics say that there were possibly two Stratons in Rome at the beginning of the 4th c. One of them, a presbyter, could have been a traditor. Account of Augustine, "Breviculum collationis", AD 411/412.
ID
ER 933
The Donatists do not have a bishop in Abziri (North Africa) in AD 411. A presbyter from the diocese of Uthina is delegated there. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 934
An ex-Donatist presbyter, Cassianus, is the Catholic bishop of Vamaccura (North Africa), 411 AD. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 935
Sabinus, a Donatist presbyter in Tucca, diocese of Milevis (North Africa), passes to the Catholic Church with his entire community and becomes a bishop. Before AD 411. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, 411 AD.
ID
ER 944
The Donatists do not have a bishop, but only a presbyter in Avensa (North Africa) in AD 411. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 945
The Donatists have presbyters in the Churches of Zuri and of Nigrensium Maiorum (North Africa) in AD 411. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.
ID
ER 967
Cattus, a Donatist presbyter, lives in Turuzi (North Africa) in 411 AD, although the Catholics claim that there are no Donatists there. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, 411 AD.
ID
ER 968
Candidus, the Donatist presbyter of the diocese of Cillium (North Africa), used to serve in Vegesela before 411 AD. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, 411 AD.
ID
ER 2257
The Emperors Honorius and Theodosius issue a law confirming judicial privileges of the clerics. The law issued on 11 December 411, included in the Theodosian Code (16.2.41) published in 438.
ID
ER 978
The Donatists have the presbyter Restitutus in Canopi (North Africa), 411 AD. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, 411 AD.
ID
ER 981
Felix, the Catholic bishop of Iziriana (North Africa) in AD 411, used to be a Donatist presbyter in the same place before. Account of the Acts of the Conference of Carthage, AD 411.