2360 results

ID

ER 1968

Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his work "On the sacraments" speaks about foot washing of the newly baptized performed by the bishop or by the presbyters. Composed in Milan, AD 374/397.

ID

ER 1989

Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his work "On the mysteries" speaks about deacons, presbyters and a bishop as venerable witnesses of the baptism and compares them to angels. Composed in Milan, before AD 391.

ID

ER 1990

Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his work "On the mysteries" says that the validity of sacraments administered by priests, successors of Peter and Paul, does not depend on their personal merits but on the power of their office. Composed in Milan, before AD 391.

ID

ER 1119

Canon 40 in the collection of canons of the Eastern councils composed by Martin of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 572/580) forbids deacons from sitting down before presbyters.

ID

ER 1122

Canon 53 in the collection of canons of the Eastern councils composed by Martin of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 572/580) forbids presbyters to enter the baptistery before the bishop.

ID

ER 1134

Canon 59 in the collection of canons of the Eastern councils composed by Martin of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 572/580) forbids clerics to use incantations and produce amulets.

ID

ER 1135

Canon 60 in the collection of canons of the Eastern councils composed by Martin of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 572/580) forbids clerics to watch spectacles at weddings and feasts.

ID

ER 1136

Canon 61 in the collection of canons of the Eastern councils composed by Martin of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 572/580) forbids clerics to participate in the feasts to which everyone contributes a share.

ID

ER 2422

Presbyter Vincentius of Rome restored and decorated the tomb of the martyr boy Gordianus. The metrical inscription on Via Latina in Rome, AD 375/379.

ID

ER 1147

Canon 68 the collection of canons of the Eastern councils composed by Martin of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 572/580) forbids clerics to celebrate mass for the dead outside of the church.

ID

ER 1149

Canon 70 in the collection of canons of the Eastern councils composed by Martin of Braga (Iberian Peninsula, AD 572/580) forbids clerics to receive eulogies from heretics and to pray with either heretics or schismatics.

ID

ER 2215

The Emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian issue a law according to which bishops can be judged by secular courts only if accused of criminal charges. Other matters should be decided by diocesan synods. Interpretation added to the law in the Breviary specifies that diocesan synods are the gathering of presbyters. The law issued on 17 May 376, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and in the Breviary of Alaric, published in 506 in Gaul.

ID

ER 83

Pacian of Barcelona (Iberian Peninsula) mentions the prostration before presbyters as a penitential practice. Treatise on Penitents, written in Barcelona ca AD 377/392.

ID

ER 2216

The Emperors Valens, Gratian, and Valentinian issue a law exempting clerics from the rank of presbyters to ostiaries from the compulsory public services that are incumbent on persons. The law issued on 5 March 377, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and repeated in in the Justinian Code, promulgated in 529 and then again 534.

ID

ER 2004

Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his "Exposition of the Gospel of Luke" says that one should first take care of the material needs of his parents and the poor and only later give to the Church. He explicitly mentions conferring gifts to presbyters in order to get spiritual profits. Composed in Milan 377/390.

ID

ER 2388

DRAFT Jerome of Stridon confirm that bishops lay hands on the people who have been baptized by the presbyters and deacons. Jerome, The Dialogue Against the Luciferians, written probably in Antioch, ca AD 379.

ID

ER 2389

DRAFT Jerome of Stridon compares the Church to Noah's Ark, with the deacons, presbyters and bishops at its summit. Jerome, The Dialogue Against the Luciferians, written probably in Antioch, ca AD 379.

ID

ER 2173

Funerary inscription of the presbyter [Cand]idus. Anzio (central Italy), AD 378.

ID

ER 1343

Faustinus, the Luciferian presbyter from Rome, sends to Emperor Theodosius the creed to which he adheres. Faustinus, Confessio Fidei, written ca AD 379/384 in the East (in Eleutheropolis or Constantinople?).

ID

ER 2144

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius issue the law which exempt clerics who are tradesmen from the lustral tax payable in gold exacted from tradesmen. The law issued on 5 July 379, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.

ID

ER 2271

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law against heretics even if they seem like the Church having bishops, presbyters, and deacons. The law issued on 3 August 379, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.5) published in 438.

ID

ER 2272

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law banning Eunomians, Arians, and Aetians from building churches. The churches they already have and the dwellings of their ministers should be confiscated. The law issued on 19 July 381, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.8) published in 438.

ID

ER 1298

After the expulsion of Bishop Ursinus his lay supporters are conducting services in the cemeteries without clerics who generally support Bishop Damasus. Damasus is responsible for a massacre on one of such gatherings at the tomb of Saint Agnes in AD 367. Account of the account of the schism between Liberius and Felix) written the 5th/6th c., number 1 in the Collectio Avellana compiled in the second half of the 6th c.

ID

ER 93

The Council of Saragossa (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 380 forbids clerics to quit their office under the pretext of becoming monks.

ID

ER 1415

According to Priscillian, bishop of Avila, his adversary and accuser, Bishop Hydatius of Merida shortly after the First Council of Saragossa in AD 380, was indicted by his own presbyter with ecclesiastical decrees. Priscillian of Avila, Tractate II (Book to Bishop Damasus of Rome), AD 381 or 382.

ID

ER 2279

Marcion travels to Rome where he confronts local presbyters about the interpretation of the Gospel, ca 130. Account of Filastrius of Brescia, "Book of various heresies", written in Brescia in Italy, AD 380/390.

ID

ER 2127

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius issue a law making attendance in the municipal council obligatory. Clerical duties, however, are a valid excuse for absence. The law was issued on 15 February 381 in Carthage, and included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 (12.1.84).

ID

ER 920

Presbyter Evagrius is a deputy of an unnamed bishop, possibly Paulinus of Antioch (Syria) at the Council in Aquileia (Italy) in AD 381. The Acts of the Council of Aquileia, AD 381.

ID

ER 921

Presbyter Attalus is interrogated about the Nicaean creed at the council in Aquileia (Italy) in 381. The acts of the council of Aquileia, AD 381.

ID

ER 930

Palladius, bishop of Ratiaria (Dacia) requests the independent observers at the Council of Aquileia. Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy), accuses him that he wants priests to be judged by the lay men. Chromatius, presbyter of Aquileia, takes part in the discussion. The Acts of the Council of Aquileia, AD 381.

ID

ER 1958

Bishops gathered at the Council of Aquileia in AD 381 ask the emperors to enforce the decisions of their gathering and to demote Bishop Palladius of Ratiaria, Secundianus of Singidunum and the presbyter Attalus from an unknown church in the Danubian provinces. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 4 extra collectionem (Maur. 10), written in Milan, AD 381.

ID

ER 1959

Bishops gathered at the Council of Aquileia (Italy) in AD 381 ask the Emperors to convoke a council in Alexandria to settle the schism in Antioch. The letter is sent through presbyters. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 6 extra collectionem (Maur. 12), written in Aquileia, AD 381.

ID

ER 1774

Palladius, bishop of Ratiaria (Dacia), in his Apology written against Ambrose, bishop of Milan, mentions that he was a presbyter for eleven years before the episcopate, and that his companion, Bishop Secundianus of Singidunum (Moesia) went through all the ecclesiastical grades before episcopal consecration; ca AD 383.

ID

ER 2039

Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Celerinus in Rome, AD 381.

ID

ER 787

Gregory of Elvira (Iberian Peninsula) mentions heretical priests commenting on a passage from the Gospel. Gregory of Elvira, On the Song of Songs, AD 383/410.

ID

ER 788

Gregory of Elvira (Iberian Peninsula) mentions the priestly duty of preaching, when commenting on a passage from the Song of Songs. Gregory of Elvira, On the Song of Songs, AD 383/410.

ID

ER 1351

Vincentius, presbyter from the province of Baetica in the Iberian Peninsula, refuses to enter the communion with the bishops who during the reign of Constantius II complied with the Arian formulation of faith, but afterwards adhered anew to the Nicene party, ca AD 362/384. He is persecuted by them. Account of the Libellus precum written in Constantinople by the Roman presbyters Faustinus and Marcellinus, ca AD 383/384, included in the Collectio Avellana compiled in the second half of the 6th c.

ID

ER 1352

Bonosus, presbyter in Trier (Gaul), refuses to enter the communion with the bishops who during the reign of Constantius II complied with the Arian formulation of faith, but afterwards adhered anew to the Nicene party, ca AD 362/384. He is persecuted by them. Account of the Libellus precum written in Constantinople by the Roman presbyters Faustinus and Marcellinus, ca AD 383/384, included in the Collectio Avellana (Letter 2) compiled in the second half of the 6th c.

ID

ER 1353

Macarius, presbyter in Rome, refuses to enter the communion with the bishops who during the reign of Constantius II complied with the Arian formulation of faith, but afterwards adhered anew to the Nicene party, ca AD 366/368. He is persecuted by Bishop Damasus of Rome and exiled dies in Ostia. Account of Libellus precum written in Constantinople by the Roman presbyters Faustinus and Marcellinus, ca AD 383/384, included in the Collectio Avellana compiled in the second half of the 6th c.

ID

ER 2130

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius issue the law which forbids the Jews to avoid curial service in municipal councils as even the clerics are not exempted from this obligation. The law issued on 18 April 383 in Milan (Italy), included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.

ID

ER 2131

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius issue the law which allows decurions who became clerics to leave their service in municipal councils only if they find replacement. The law issued on 31 December 386 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.

ID

ER 2276

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding Eunomians, Arians, Macedonians, Apollinarians to establish churches and have priests and ministers. The law issued on 3 December 383, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.12) published in 438.

ID

ER 1342

Marcellinus and Faustinus, the Luciferian presbyters from Rome, write a letter to the emperors Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius asking for protection against some representatives of the Nicene episcopacy that persecute the Luciferians. The so-called "Libellus precum" written in AD 383/4 included in the Collectio Avellana (Letter 2), compiled in the second half of the 6th c.

ID

ER 2117

The dedicatory inscription of the presbyter Ga[. . .] in the basilica of St Clement in Rome, 384/399.

ID

ER 2123

Funerary poem of the Presbyter Sisinnius in Rome, probably late 4th/5th c.

ID

ER 2153

Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Romulus of the titular church of St Pudentiana. Rome, probably 5th c.

ID

ER 1387

Imperial rescript in response to the "Libellus precum" of the Luciferian presbyters from Rome, Marcellinus and Faustinus, written in AD 383/4 in Constantinople included in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the 6th c.

ID

ER 1911

Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) thanks Siricius, bishop of Rome, for his letter brought to Milan by the presbyter Syrus. He praises the presbyters and deacons who like Syrus diligently perform their duties. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 46 (Maur. 85), written in Milan, AD 384/397.

ID

ER 1926

In a letter to the Emperor Valentinian II, Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) speaks about the legal and economic status of the Christian clergy. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 73 (Maur. 18), written in Milan, AD 384.

ID

ER 2277

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding Eunomians, Arians, Macedonians, and Apollinarians to establish churches and have priests and ministers in Constantinople. The law issued on 21 January 384, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.13) published in 438.

ID

ER 2342

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" says that it is shameful, especially for the priests, to pester the sick and dying in the hope of getting their inheritances. He also advises priests not to get involved in cases concering financial affairs. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 2118

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian, and Theodosius issue the law according to which the presbyters can testify without being tortured. If his testimony is false, litigants can bring an action for fraud against the priest. The law issued on 25 July 385 or 386 in Constantinople, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438 and the Breviary of Alaric published in 506 in Gaul, and repeated in the Justinian Code promulgated in 529 and then again 534.

ID

ER 2126

The Emperors Valentinian and Valens decree that before entering the clergy decurions should transfer their status to a kinsman along with their property. If they have not done that, they will be recalled to the council. The law issued on 12 September 364 in Aquileia, included in the Theodosian Code published in 438.

ID

ER 1402

The Emperor Maximus replies to Bishop Siricius of Rome about Agroecius whom the latter considers wrongfully ordained a presbyter, AD 385. Letter 40 in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the 6th c.

ID

ER 2195

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" discourages clerics to go on lavish dinner-parties and visits in the houses of widows and virgins. He proposes them instead to spend their free time reading. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 1466

Pope Siricius (384-398) restates the requirement of sexual continence for the higher clergy. He is lenient towards those who did not mantain it earlier, but threatens with demotion those who do not respect it later. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, Rome, AD 385.

ID

ER 1475

Pope Siricius (384-398) forbids ordaining priests and deacons who have married twice. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, Rome, AD 385.

ID

ER 1476

Pope Siricius (384-398) establishes the rules of the ecclesiastical career, both for those who start it from adolescence, and those from a mature age. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, Rome, AD 385.

ID

ER 1477

Pope Siricius (384-398) forbids women to live in the houses of clerics to whom they are unrelated. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, Rome, AD 385.

ID

ER 1479

Pope Siricius (384-398) establishes the rules of admitting monks to ecclesiastical offices. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, Rome, AD 385.

ID

ER 1480

Pope Siricius (384-398) forbids the penitents, married twice and married to a widow, to have access to holy orders. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, Rome, AD 385.

ID

ER 1481

Pope Siricius (384-398) thanks Himerius, bishop of Tarragona (Iberian Peninsula), for his questions, sent to him by Presbyter Bassianus, and asks him to share his responses with other bishops of the Iberian Peninsula. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, Rome, AD 385.

ID

ER 2007

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) writes a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" and addresses is to the clerics of his Church, the young ones in particular, the late 380s.

ID

ER 2008

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" discusses how modesty of clerics should express itself in their physical movement. He refers to two unnamed men from Milan who did not carry themselves physically in a proper way. One of them was not admitted by Ambrose to the clergy and later became an Arian, another was later involved in some financial mismanagment. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 2009

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" advises clerics to maintain seemliness in speech, especially in preaching and spiritual teaching. When clerics preach and teach, they shall refer to the Scriptures and avoid any kind of jokes. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 2012

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" explains why people who have remarried cannot be accepted to the clergy and that clerics should be chaste because purity is needed for the celebration of the sacraments. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 2031

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" says that the clerics should lead virtuous life in order to give good advice to people. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 2032

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" gives advice to clerics concerning generosity. He mentions distributing food to the hungry, providing needs for the poor, ransoming prisoners and captives, taking care of orphans, especially young women, providing for the widows, giving money to those in debt. Ambrose advices prudence, especially in the case of people who only pretend to be in serious need. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 2033

Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" explains the value of courteous manner of speaking for a Christian official, a cleric in particular. He advises the young to benefit from the company of the older. Milan, the late 380s.

ID

ER 271

A letter (tractatoria) of Pope Siricius, written in Rome in AD 386 and preserved in the acts of the Council Thelense (North Africa, AD 418, canon 3), forbids admitting into the clergy those who served as soldiers after being baptized.

ID

ER 1859

Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Simplicianus, probably a presbyter in Milan, considers the issue of wisdom, freedom and spiritual enslavement. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 7 (Maur. 37), written in Milan, AD 386/397.

ID

ER 1860

In a letter to Simplicianus, probably a presbyter in Milan, Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) considers links between wisdom and wealth. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 10 (Maur. 38), written in Milan, AD 386/397.

ID

ER 628

According to Canon 3 of the Breviary of Ferrandus of Carthage (North Africa, AD 523/546, repeating earlier norms) those who entered the secular service after being baptised are barred from ordination.

ID

ER 1908

Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, replies on his questions concerning Ambrose`s "Hexaemeron". Ambrose of Milan, Letter 29 (Maur. 48), written in Milan, AD 386/396.

ID

ER 1909

Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in a letter to Orontianus, presbyter in Milan, replies on his questions concerning Ambrose`s "Hexaemeron". Ambrose of Milan, Letter 31 (Maur. 44), written in Milan, AD 386/396.

ID

ER 630

According to Canon 16 of the Breviary of Ferrandus (North Africa, AD 523/546, repeating earlier norms) the bishops, presbyters and deacons should abstain from their wives.

ID

ER 1947

Members of the Nicene congregation in Milan arrest the Arian presbyter Castulus, who is later released by the presbyters and deacons dispatched by Bishop Ambrose, AD 386. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 76 (Maur. 20), written in Milan, AD 386 to his sister Marcellina relating the conflict between himself and the imperial court concerning the hand-over of one of the Milanese basilicas for the Arian cult.

ID

ER 1951

Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) explains to a notary of the Emperor Valentinian II why he sent his presbyters to the basilica which was supposed to be handed over to the Arians, AD 386. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 76 (Maur. 20), written in Milan, AD 386 to his sister Marcellina relating the conflict between himself and the imperial court concerning the hand-over of one of the Milanese basilicas for the Arian cult.

ID

ER 1963

Bishops gathered at the council in Rome in AD 378 ask the emperor Gratian for a special legal procedure for cases involving accusation against the bishop of Rome. Exemption of priests from the jurisdiction of the public courts is mentioned, as well as the injunction of the Scriptures not to accept easily accusations against bishops and presbyters. Ambrose of Milan, Letter extra collectionem 7, written in Rome, AD 378.

ID

ER 1994

Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his work "On repentance" says that the right of remitting and retaining of sins was given by Jesus Christ only to the priests who are in the Church; the heresies do not have the valid priesthood. Composed in Milan ca 386-390.

ID

ER 1995

Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his work "On repentance" compares the power of priests to remit sins to their power to baptise. Composed in Milan ca 386-390.

ID

ER 1998

Ambrose of Milan (Italy) in his work "On repentance" says that Christ conceded the power to remit sins to the Apostles, and from the Apostles this power was transferred to the priestly office. Composed in Milan ca 386-390.

ID

ER 804

Augustine of Hippo (North Africa) admits that some Catholic clerics, including presbyters, are not eager to explain the Old Testament to the faithful. Augustine, "The Catholic Way of Life and the Manichean Way of Life", AD 387/389.

ID

ER 805

Augustine of Hippo (North Africa), then a layman, eulogises the way of life of the Catholic clergy. He mentions a monastic community in Milan (Italy), presided over by a presbyter. Augustine, "The Catholic Way of Life and the Manichean Way of Life", AD 387/389.

ID

ER 806

Augustine of Hippo (North Africa) describes the improper behaviour of Manichaean presbyters. Augustine, "The Catholic Way of Life and the Manichean Way of Life", AD 387/389.

ID

ER 1912

Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) writes a letter to Severus, bishop of Naples (Italy) to tell him of James, presbyter from Persia, who moved to Campania in Italy. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 49 (Maur. 59), written in Milan, AD 387/388 or AD 392/393.

ID

ER 2346

Jerome comments on the duty of bishops and presbyters to teach the faithful. Jerome, "Commentary on Ecclesiastes", AD 388.

ID

ER 2348

Jerome comments on the presbyters and bishops administering penance. Jerome, "Commentary on Ecclesiastes", AD 388.

ID

ER 2205

Jerome, commenting on the letters of Paul, claims that in the early Church presbyters held the same authority as bishops, and the dioceses were governed by the councils of presbyters. Jerome, Commentary on Titus, Betlehem, ca 388.

ID

ER 2280

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding Apollinarians and other heretics to ordain clerics and have churches either public or private. Heretical bishops should be demoted and exiled. The law issued on 10 March 388, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.14) published in 438.

ID

ER 2282

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law forbidding heretics to gather and celebrate sacred mysteries. The law issued on 14 June 388, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.15) published in 438.

ID

ER 2097

Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Gaudentius and his wife Severa, who died in AD 389. Rome, after AD 389.

ID

ER 2283

The Emperors Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius issue a law ordering heretics to be exiled from urban and suburban areas. The law issued on 26 November 389, included in the Theodosian Code (16.5.19) published in 438.

ID

ER 1865

Funerary inscription of Presbyter Lycontius, Trier (Gaul), ca 390/410.

ID

ER 2157

Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Victor of the titular church of Nicomedes. Rome, 4th/5th c.

ID

ER 132

The Council of Carthage (North Africa, AD 390) requires all bishops, presbyters and deacons to maintain chastity.

ID

ER 135

The Council of Carthage (North Africa, AD 390) forbids presbyters to perform chrismation, reconciliation and the blessing of virgins.

ID

ER 158

The Council of Carthage (North Africa, AD 390) allows presbyters to perform reconciliation with the consent of their bishops.

ID

ER 159

The Council of Carthage (North Africa, AD 390) threatens with excommunication bishops and clerics who accept to communion people excommunicated by other bishops.

ID

ER 160

The Council of Carthage (North Africa, AD 390) threatens with anathema excommunicated presbyters who dare to celebrate.

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