Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 2398
Bishop Eusebius of Vercelli writes a letter from exile to the presbyters and laity of Vercelli, Novaria, Ivrea, and Tortona, exhorting them to stay faithful to Nicene orthodoxy against the "Arians" and mentioning presbyters and deacons who accompany him in exile. Written in Scythopolis (Palestine), after 355.
Epistula 2
 
Dilectissimis fratribus et satis desideratissimis presbyteris, sed et sanctis in fide consistentibus plebibus vercellensibus, nouariensibus, eporediensibus nec non etiam dertonensibus eusebius episcopus in domino aeternam salutem.
1. Licet nos multis dominus noster a uobis corpore separatos foueret bonis et uestram admodum in aduentu et uisitatione plurimorum fratrum nobis praesentiam exhiberet, tamen maesti ac tristes et sine lacrimis non eramus, quia longo temporis interuallo uestrae sanctitatis non accipiebamus scripta. Verebamur enim, ne qua uos aut accepisset diabolica subtilitas aut potestas humana infidelibus subiugasset. [...]
 
Eusebius mentions letters from Vercelli carried by the deacon Syrus and the exorcist Victorinus that informed him, to his relief, that his addressees are safe and remain faithful to orthodoxy. Then he thanks them for donations which apparently accompanied the letters:
 
2. [...] Gaudeo itaque, fratres charissimi, de fide uestra, gaudeo de salute quae fidem sequitur, gaudeo de fructibus, quos non solum illic constituti<s>, sed et longe porrigitis; [...] Gaudeo [...] et libens uestri laboris poma decerpo, quia tantum facere uoluistis; nec solum ego uel qui me cum sunt sanctissimi nostri presbyteri et diaconi uel ceteri fratres, sed et omnes, qui desiderantes sumus. Replestis enim, ut apostolus beatissimus dicit, uiscera mea, cum completis mandata diuina, quae complere decebat christianos in episcopum uel ecclesiasticos uiros, quos in exilio fidei causa nostis laborare; complestis, quae oportebat fratres fratribus facere et patri filios exhibere. Sed cum nos secundum mandata diuina, uobis uolentes de terrenis caelestes, de caducis stabiles, de fragilibus sempiternos fructus facere, coepimus per necessitatem patientes quotidie seminare, gaudebant de uestris fructibus pauperes, glorificabant deum non solum ciuitatis ipsius homines, sed et omnes, qui aut uidere aut audire potuerunt, quantam me cum dilectionem haberetis, ex ipsis fructibus uidentes glorificabant deum et omni nos honore cum uestra benedictione nominabant.
 
Eusebius's almsgiving provokes anger of the "Ariomaniacs" who locked him up and did not allow anybody, especially his presbyters and deacons, to see him. Then Eusebius attaches a letter which he supposedly sent to the Arian bishop, Patrophilus of Scythopolis. The letter details various sufferings Eusebius suffered from Patrophilus and other Arians. He wants to present himself as a martyr, while accuses his enemies to be worse than the pagan persecutors of old. After the letter to Patrophilus, Eusebius complains that he is barely allowed to send letters and he always prays to God "to restrain the guards and allow the deacon to bear some letter of greeting to you rather than merely an announcement of our toil." He again asks his addresses to remain vigilant and faithful.
 
11. Ite[ru]m peto et uos per misericordiam dei rogo, ut unusquisque in hac epistola salutationem suam nuncupet; quia singulis, ut solebam, faciente necessitate scribere non potui, ita in hac uos omnes fratres, sed et sanctae sorores, filii et filiae, omnem sexum appello, omnem aetatem peto, ut hac contenti salutatione nostro obsequio etiam hos, qui foris sunt et nos dignantur diligere, salutare dignemini. Salutant uos fratres nostri qui me cum sunt presbyteri et diacones, sed et omnes nostri; qui una me cum satis petunt, ut nostri memores omnes uestros nostro dignemini obsequio salutare. Transmisi praeterea litteras, quas ad patrophilum custodem meum feci, ut ex his agnoscatis nos ariomanitarum nec minis posse terreri neque ipsorum serpentina blanda subtilitate posse ad ipsorum societatem perduci. Diuinitas uos protegat florentes que uiuere et hic et in futuro faciat cum omnibus uestris, fratres charissimi et satis desideratissimi.
 
(ed. V. Bulhart 1957: 104-109; summary M. Szada)
Letter 2
 
To the most beloved brothers and the dearly missed presbyters and also to the blessed laity of Vercellae, Novaria, Eporedia and also Dertona remaining in the faith, Eusebius the bishop sends eternal greetings in the Lord.
1. Although our Lord supports us with many gifts while we are separated from you in body and he displays your presence to us to a great degree through the arrival and visits of very many brothers, we were however sad and miserable and not without tears because for a long interval of time we did not receive any writings of your sanctity. For we feared lest any diabolical cunning had taken you or any human power had subjugated you to the faithless. [...]
 
Eusebius mentions letters from Vercelli carried by the deacon Syrus and the exorcist Victorinus that informed him, to his relief, that his addressees are safe and remain faithful to orthodoxy. Then he thanks them for donations which apparently accompanied the letters:
 
2. [...] And so I rejoice, most beloved brothers, in your faith; I rejoice in the salvation that follows faith; I rejoice in the offerings which you have not only established there but even distribute far and wide. [...] I rejoice and cheerfully pluck the apples of your labour, because you wished to do so much; I do not do this alone, nor do our most blessed presbyters and deacons who are with me, or the other brothers, but all of us who are missing you. As the most blessed Apostle says, you filled up my viscera, when you fulfilled the divine instructions that Christians ought to fulfil towards the bishop or other ecclesiastical men, whom you know to be suffering in exile for the sake of the faith. You fulfilled what brothers must practise towards brothers, and sons towards their father. But when, following the divine instructions and wanting with you to make heavenly fruit from earthly, stable from crumbling, eternal from fragile, we began to plant seeds, suffering through necessity every day, the poor rejoiced at your donations and not only were the men of this town glorifying God, but all those who have been able to see or hear, seeing from these offerings how much love you have with me, were glorifying God and endowing us with every honour along with your blessing.
 
Eusebius's almsgiving provokes anger of the "Ariomaniacs" who locked him up and did not allow anybody, especially his presbyters and deacons, to see him. Then Eusebius attaches a letter which he supposedly sent to the Arian bishop, Patrophilus of Scythopolis. The letter details various sufferings Eusebius suffered from Patrophilus and other Arians. He wants to present himself as a martyr, while accuses his enemies to be worse than the pagan persecutors of old. After the letter to Patrophilus, Eusebius complains that he is barely allowed to send letters and he always prays to God "to restrain the guards and allow the deacon to bear some letter of greeting to you rather than merely an announcement of our toil." He again asks his addresses to remain vigilant and faithful.
 
11. I also entreat and beg you by the mercy of God that each one of you should recognise his own greeting in this letter; because through the action of necessity I was not able to write to you individually, as I was accustomed to do. So, in this letter, all you brothers and the blessed sis- ters, sons and daughters, I greet every sex, I beseech every age, so that, happy with this greeting, you deign also to greet on our behalf those who are outside your community and deign to love us. Our brothers the presbyters and deacons who are with me greet you, as do all of our people; with me, they entreat you very strongly to deign to send greetings on our behalf to all your people who are mindful of us. Moreover I have sent the letter which I wrote to my guard Patrophilus, so that from this you might know that we cannot be frightened by the threats of the Ariomaniacs nor led across to their fellowship by their flattering serpentine cunning. May divinity protect you and allow you to live flourishing with all your people both now and in the future, most dear and dearly missed brothers.
 
(trans. R. Flower 2013: 243-49; summary M. Szada)

Place of event:

Region
  • East
  • Italy north of Rome with Corsica and Sardinia
City
  • Scythopolis
  • Vercelli
  • Ivrea
  • Novara
  • Tortona

About the source:

Author: Eusebius of Vercelli
Title: Epistulae, Epistula 2, Epistula II
Origin: Scythopolis (East)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
After the council of Arles 353, at which the papal legates were forced by the emperor Constantius to subscribe to anti-Nicene decisions, especially to the condemnation of Athanasius of Alexandria, Pope Liberius requested from the emperor summoning of the general council. The bishops from the West and also some from the East gathered in Milan in the newly built Basilica Nova. The emperor Constantius was also present. The balance was tilted to the "Arians" and the council again demanded the condemnation of Athanasius. Only Eusebius of Vercelli, Lucifer of Cagliari, and Dionysius of Milan refused to sign the condemnation, therefore were condemned as heretics themselves and sent to exile. Eusebius went to Scythopolis Letter 2 was written there. See Dattrino 1979; Hanson 1988: 332-34; Flower 2013: 127-77.
Edition:
V. Bulhart (ed.), Eusebius Vercellensis, Opera quae supersunt, in: Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 9, Turnhout 1957
 
Bibliography:
L. Dattrino, "La lettera di Eusebio al clero e al popolo della sua diocesi," Lateranum n.s. 45 (1979), 60-82
R. Flower, Emperors and Bishops in Late Roman Invective, Cambridge 2013.
R.P.C. Hanson, The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy 318–381, Edinburgh 1988.
 
The record for Eusebius in the database Clerical Exile in Late Antiquity

Categories:

Writing activity - Correspondence
    Travel and change of residence
      Described by a title - Presbyter/πρεσβύτερος
        Relation with - Bishop/Monastic superior
          Relation with - Heretic/Schismatic
            Administration of justice - Exile
              Devotion - Almsgiving
                Devotion - Donations and offerings
                  Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER2398, http://presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=2398