Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 177
Canon 3 of the Second Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula) in AD 527 forbids clerics, from a subdeacon onwards, to live with women unrelated to them.
Canon 3
 
Illud uero praeterea speciali ordinatione decreuimus, quod nec antiqua concilia in uniuersis paene canonibus siluerunt, ut nullus clericorum a gradu subdiaconatus et supra in consortii familiaritate habeat mulierem uel ingenuam uel libertam aut ancillam; sed si sunt ei huiuscemodi seruitia, matri uel sorori aliaeque propinquitati contradat, et quicquid suis manibus profecerint proprio domino deferatur; aut si propinquitas memorata deest, alia domus ad earum habitaculum requiratur, dummodo nulla occasione introeundi domum clerici femina permittatur unde aut laqueum possit incurrere aut noxialis fama innocenti fortasse possit inuri. Sane si deinceps post data hanc admonitionem quisquis harum consortio frui uoluerit, nouerit se non solum a clericatus officio retrahi uel ecclesiae foribus pelli, sed etiam ab omnium catholicorum, clericorum uel laicorum, communione priuari, nulla prorsus uel colloquii consolatione relicta, quatenus malae consuetudinis abrasa rubigo in posteris radicis suae ueneno serpere non possit.
 
(ed. Martínez Díez, Rodríguez 1984: 350-351)
Canon 3
 
We decree moreover with special order (and the ancient councils had not been silent about those things in almost all canons) that no cleric, from the grade of subdeaconate onwards, may share a life with a woman, whether she is free, freed, or slave. But if he needs some kind of services, he should entrust them to his mother, sister or other relative, and whatever they produce with their hands, shall be brought to their own lord. And if a cleric does not have above mentioned relatives, another house is necessary for women, provided that they would not be allowed to enter the house of a cleric on any occasion. A shared dwelling may become a trap or it may brand an innocent person with a bad reputation. Certainly, if someone wants to enjoy that kind of relationship, let him know that he will not only be removed from the clerical office and expelled from the doors of the church, but he will be also excluded from communion with all Catholics, clerics as well as laymen, and even the comfort of the conversation will not be left to them, so that the scratched rust of bad habits could not spread its venom on the other members of the Church.
 
(trans. M. Szada)

Discussion:

The meaning of the phrase "whatever they produce with their hands, shall be brought to their own lord" is unclear.

Place of event:

Region
  • Iberian Peninsula
City
  • Toledo

About the source:

Title: Second Council of Toledo, Second Synod of Toledo, Council II of Toledo, Concilium Toletanum II, Concilium Toletanum secundum, Concilio de Toledo II
Origin: Toledo (Iberian Peninsula)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
The council was hosted by Bishop Montanus of Toledo on the 16th day before the Kalends of June (that is May 17th) in the fifth year of the reign of Amalaric, in the year 565 of the Spanish era (Vives 1963: 42). The Spanish era started in 38 BC. Thus the exact day of the gathering would be 17th of May, 527. But already in 16th c. the accuracy of this information was challenged by Caesar Baronius (later followed by Antoine Pagi). They assumed that the years of the reign of Amalaric should be counted from 526, the year of death of Amalaric`s grandfather Theodoric the Great who acted as a regent in Visigothic kingdom. The fifth year of Amalaric would be then 531 and not 527. The defenders of the date transmitted in manuscript tradition proposed a solution. The councils in Tarragona in 516 and in Gerona in 517 were dated by the years of reign of Theodoric in Spain. It was then argued that after the expulsion of King Gesalic in 511, Theodoric ruled Spain in his own right and not as a regent. Only in 522 did he accept the title of regent and guardian of his grand-son Amalaric and this was the formal beginning of the latter`s rule. To corroborate this version R. Collins quotes also Isidore of Seville, Historia Gothorum 39, who says that Theodoric left the kingdom of Spain to Amalaric while still alive (Collins 2004: 41).
Edition:
Editions:
G. Martínez Díez, F. Rodríguez, eds., La colección canónica Hispana, v. 4 Concilios Galos. Concilios Hispanos: primera parte, Madrid 1984.
J. Vives, Concilios visigóticos e hispano-romanos, Barcelona-Madrid 1963.
Bibliography:
C. Baronius, Annales Ecclesiastici, v. 7, ed. A. Theiner, Bar-le-Duc 1864 (this is 19th c. edition of the volume orignally published in 1596 in Rome; this edition contains also the emendations of Antoine Pagi published for the first time in 1705).
R. Collins, Visigothic Spain, 409-711, Oxford, OX, UK; Malden, MA, USA 2004.
J. Orlandis, D. Ramos-Lissón, Die Synoden auf der Iberischen Halbinsel bis zum Einbruch des Islam (711), Paderborn 1981.
E.A. Thompson, The Goths in Spain, Oxford 1969.

Categories:

Family life - Unspecified permanent relationship
    Family life - Permanent relationship after ordination
      Food/Clothes/Housing - Type of housing
        Described by a title - Clericus
          Relation with - Father/Mother
            Relation with - Brother/Sister
              Relation with - Woman
                Further ecclesiastical career - Lay status
                  Administration of justice - Excommunication/Anathema
                    Administration of justice - Demotion
                      Family life
                        Private law - Ecclesiastical
                          Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: M. Szada, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER177, http://presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=177