Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 1612
Pope Innocent I requires the deacons and presbyters to maintain chastity. Letter 6 of Pope Innocent I, "Consulenti tibi", to Bishop Exsuperius of Toulouse (Gaul), Rome, AD 405.
Letter 6
 
I,2. Proposuisti, quid de his observari debeat, quos in diaconii ministeriis aut in officio presbyterii positos, incontinentes esse aut fuisse, generati filii prodiderunt. De his et divinarum legum manifesta est disciplina, et beatae recordationis viri Siricii episcopi monita evidentia commearunt, ut incontinentes in officiis talibus positi, omni honore ecclesiastico priventur, nec admittantur accedere ad ministerium, quod sola continentia oportet impleri. Est enim vetus admodum sacrae legis auctoritas, jam inde ab initio custodita, quod in templo anno vicis suae habitare praecepti sunt sacerdotes; ut servientes sacris oblationibus, puros et ab omni labe purgatos sibi vindicent divina ministeria: neque eos ad sacrificia fas sit admitti, qui exercente vel cum uxore carnale consortium, quia scriptum est: “Sancti estote, quia et ego sanctus sum Dominus Deus vester”. Quibus utique, propter sobolis successionem, propterea uxorius usus fuerat relaxatus, quia ex alia tribu ad sacerdotium nullus fuerat praeceptus accedere, quanto magis hi sacerdotes vel levitae pudicitiam ex die ordinationis suae servare debent, quibus vel sacerdotium, vel ministerium sine successione est, nec praeterit dies, qua vel a sacrificiis divinis, vel a baptismatis officio vacent! Nam si Paulus ad Corinthios scribit dicens, “Abstinete vos ad tempus, ut vacetis orationi”; et hoc utique laicis praecepit; multo magis sacerdotes, quibus et orandi et sacrificandi juge officium est, semper debebunt ab hujusmodi consortio abstinere. Qui si contaminatus fuerit carnali concupiscentia, quo pudore vel sacrificare usurpabit, aut qua conscientia quove merito exaudiri se credit, cum dictum sit: “Omnia munda mundits, coinquinatis autem et infidelibus nihil mundum”.
3. Sed fortasse hoc licere credit, quia scriptum est “unius uxoris virum”. Non permanentem in concupiscentia generandi hoc dixit, sed propter continentiam futuram. Neque enim integros corpore non admisit, qui ait “Vellem autem omnes sic esse, sicut et ego”: et apertius declarat, dicens, “Qui autem in carne sunt, Deo placere non possunt. Vos autem jam non estis in carne, sed in spiritu”: et “habentem filios”, non generantem, dixit.
4. Sed ea plane dispar et divisa sententia est. Nam si ad aliquos forma illa ecclesiasticae vitae pariter et disciplinae, quae ab episcopo Siricio ad provincias commeavit, non probabitur pervenisse, his ignorationis venia remittetur, ita ut de caetero penitus incipiant abstinere. Et ita gradus suos, in quibus inventi fuerint, sic retentent, ut eis non liceat ad potiora coascendere. Quibus in beneficio esse debet, quod hunc ipsum locum, quem retinent, non amittunt. Si qui autem scisse formam vivendi missam a Siricio detegentur, neque statim cupiditates libidinis abjecisse; illi sunt modis omnibus submovendi, qui post admonitionem cognitam, praeponendam arbitrati sunt voluptatem.
 
(ed. Coustant 1845: 496-498)
Letter 6
 
I,2. You asked what should be done about those holding the office of deacons or presbyters to whom children were born, which demonstrated that they were or had been unchaste. The discipline of the divine law is clear about them, and it was also clearly said in the admonitions of Bishop Siricius of the blessed memory, that if men holding such offices are unchaste, they should be deprived of any ecclesiastical dignity, and they should not be admitted to the ministry that can be fulfilled only with chastity. The ancient authority of the holy law has been kept from the beginning that the priests were obliged to live in the temple in the year of their turn, so that they could serve the holy offerings and the divine mysteries being pure and cleansed from every stain. It was not lawful to admit to the sacrifices those who joined carnally with their wives, because it is written, “Ye shall be holy: for I the Lord your God am holy” [Lev 19:2]. It was allowed for them to live with wives for generating progeny to succeed them, because it was ordered that nobody from another tribe will access the priesthood. How much more the priests and levites should follow the chastity from the day of their ordination, when the priesthood or ministry was given to them not by the right of succession, and there is no day that they are free from the divine sacrifices or the office of baptism! Paul wrote to the Corinthians, “Abstain from each other for a time, that you may give yourselves to prayer” [1 Cor 7:5], and the lay are by all means taught to do it; how much more the priests, whose yoke of office is to pray and offer sacrifices, should always abstain from the community of this kind. How can someone contaminated by the carnal concupiscence usurp what can be sacrificed only in chastity? How, with what conscience, by what merit can he believe to be heard, since it is written: “All things are clean to the clean: but to them that are defiled, and to unbelievers, nothing is clean“ [Titus 1:15].
3. Someone may believe it to be allowed, since it is written: “the husband of one wife” [1 Tim 3:2; Titus 1:6]; but it was written not to allow remaining in the concupiscence of procreation, but for the future continence. He who said, “I would that all men were even as myself” [1 Cor 7:7], allowed only those whose body is intact. He declares it in an open way saying: “And they who are in the flesh, cannot please God. But you are not in the flesh, but in the spirit” [Rom 8:8–9]. He said also about “having children” [1 Tim 3:4], and not generating them.
4. However, this decision has clearly not been accepted everywhere. Therefore, if it results that this form of the ecclesiastical life and discipline, communicated by Bishop Siricius to the provinces, has not reached someone, their guilt is pardoned because of ignorance, but repenting it, they should abstain from now on. They should remain in the grades in which they are, but they are not allowed to advance to higher ones. They should regard it as favour that they are not going to lose the place that they are occupying. However, if someone is revealed to have known about the form of life prescribed by Siricius and have not immediately thrown away the lusty desires, such should be by all means removed, because having been admonished, they chose to follow the pleasure.
 
(trans. S. Adamiak)

Discussion:

For the decisions of Pope Siricius mentioned here see [1466] and [276].

Place of event:

Region
  • Rome
  • Gaul
City
  • Rome
  • Toulouse

About the source:

Author: Innocent I
Title: Letters, Epistulae
Origin: Rome (Rome)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Innocent I was the bishop of Rome from AD 401 to 417. Several of his letters, especially to the bishops of Gaul and Spain, are "decretals": authoritative letters containing papal rulings, usually in response to questions raised by the bishops.
Edition:
P. Coustant ed., S. Innocentii Papae Epistolae et Decreta, Patrologia Latina 20, Paris 1845, 463-608.
Bibliography:
D. Jasper, H. Fuhrmann, Papal Letters in the Early Middle Ages, Washington 2001.
 

Categories:

Family life - Permanent relationship before ordination
    Family life - Permanent relationship continued after ordination
      Family life - Offspring
        Sexual life - Sexual activity
          Sexual life - Sexual abstinence
            Described by a title - Presbyter/πρεσβύτερος
              Impediments or requisits for the office - Improper/Immoral behaviour
                Ritual activity - Baptism and instructing catechumens
                  Ritual activity - Eucharist
                    Relation with - Wife
                      Sexual life - Marital
                        Further ecclesiastical career - None
                          Administration of justice - Demotion
                            Theoretical considerations - On priesthood
                              Ritual activity - Daily mass
                                Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: S. Adamiak, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER1612, http://presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=1612