Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 1564
Pope Innocent I explains why the priests and deacons should maintain chastity after their ordination. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
Letter 2
 
IX,12. Praetera quod dignum et pudicum et honestum est, tenere Ecclesia omni modo debet, ut sacerdotes et levitae cum uxoribus suis non coeant; quia ministerii quotidiani necessitatibus occupantur. Scriptum est enim, “Sancti estote, quoniam et ego sanctus sum Dominus Deus vester”. Nam si priscis temporibus de templo Dei sacerdotes anno vicis suae non discedebant, sicut de Zacharia legimus, nec domus suas omnino tangebant, quibus utique propter sobolis successionem uxorius usus fuerat relaxatus, quia ex alia tribu et praeter ex semine Aaron ad sacerdotium nulli fuerat praeceptum accedere: quanto magis hi sacerdotes vel levitae pudicitiam ex die ordinationis suae servare debebunt, quibus vel sacerdotium vel ministerium sine successione est, nec praeterit dies, qua vel a sacrificiis divinis, vel a baptismatis officio vacent! Nam si Paulus ad Corinthios scribit, dicens, “Abstinete vos ad tempus, ut vacetis orationi”, et hoc utique laicis praecipit: multo magis sacerdotes, quibus et orandi et sacrificandi juge officium est, semper debebunt ab hujusmodi consortio abstinere. Qui si contaminatus fuerit carnali concupiscentia, quo pudore sacrificare usurpabit? Aut qua conscientia, quove merito exaudiri se credit, cum dictum sit: “Omnia munda mundis, coinquinatis autem et infidelibus nihil mundum?” Sed forte licere hoc credit, quia scriptum est, “Unius uxoris virum”: non permanentem in concupiscentia generandi dixit, sed propter futuram continentiam. Neque enim integros corpore non admisit, qui ait: “Vellem autem omnes sic esse, sicut et ego”. Et apertius declarat, sic dicens: “Qui autem in carne sunt, Deo placere non possunt. Vos autem jam non estis in carne, sed in spiritu”.
 
(ed. Coustant 1845: 475-477)
Letter 2
 
IX,12. Then, the Church should keep what is appropriate, chaste, and upright, that the priests and levites do not have intercourse with their wives, because they are occupied by the necessities of the everyday ministry. It is written, “Ye shall be holy: for I the Lord your God am holy” [Lev 19:2]. In former times, as we read about Zechariah, when the priests of the temple of God did not leave it in the year of their turn, they did not touch anyone in their houses, although otherwise it was allowed for them to live with wives for generating progeny to succeed them, because it was ordered that nobody will accede to the priesthood from another tribe and from outside the seed of Aaron. How much more now priests and levites should follow the chastity from the day of their ordination, when the priesthood or ministry was given to them not by the right of succession, and there is no day that they are free from the divine sacrifice or the office of baptism! Paul wrote to the Corinthians, “Abstain from each other for a time, that you may give yourselves to prayer” [1 Cor 7:5], and the lay are by all means taught to do it; how much more the priests, whose yoke of office is to pray and offer sacrifices, should always abstain from the community of this kind. How can someone contaminated by the carnal concupiscence usurp what can be sacrificed only in chastity? How, with what conscience, by what merit can he believe to be heard, since it is written: “All things are clean to the clean: but to them that are defiled, and to unbelievers, nothing is clean“ [Titus 1:15]. Someone may believe it to be allowed, since it is written: “the husband of one wife” [1 Tim 3:2; Titus 1:6]; but it was written not to allow remaining in the concupiscence of procreation, but for the future continence. He who said, “I would that all men were even as myself” [1 Cor 7:7], allowed only those whose body is intact. He declares it in an open way saying: “And they who are in the flesh, cannot please God. But you are not in the flesh, but in the spirit” [Rom 8:89].
 
(trans. S. Adamiak)

Discussion:

"Levites" are deacons here, so "sacerdotes" are certainly not only bishops, but also presbyters.

Place of event:

Region
  • Rome
  • Gaul
City
  • Rome
  • Rouen

About the source:

Author: Innocent I
Title: Letters, Epistulae
Origin: Rome (Rome)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Innocent I was the bishop of Rome from AD 401 to 417. Several of his letters, especially to the bishops of Gaul and Spain, are "decretals": authoritative letters containing papal rulings, usually in response to questions raised by the bishops.
Edition:
P. Coustant ed., S. Innocentii Papae Epistolae et Decreta, Patrologia Latina 20, Paris 1845, 463-608.
Bibliography:
D. Jasper, H. Fuhrmann, Papal Letters in the Early Middle Ages, Washington 2001.
 

Categories:

Family life - Marriage
    Family life - Permanent relationship continued after ordination
      Family life - Offspring
        Sexual life - Sexual abstinence
          Described by a title - Sacerdos/ἱερεύς
            Relation with - Wife
              Relation with - Woman
                Sexual life - Marital
                  Theoretical considerations - On priesthood
                    Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: S. Adamiak, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER1564, http://presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=1564