Presbyters Uniwersytet Warszawski
ID
ER 1540
Pope Innocent I says that there are no exceptions to the rule that a priest must be a husband of one wife. Letter 2 of Pope Innocent I, "Etsi tibi", to Bishop Victricius of Rouen, Rome, AD 404/405.
Letter 2
 
IV,7. Ut mulierem clericus non ducat uxorem; quia scriptum est, “Sacerdos uxorem virginem accipiat, non viduam, non ejectam”. Utique qui ad sacerdotium labore suo et vitae probitate contendit, cavere debet, ne hoc prejudicio impeditus, pervenire non possit.
 
V,8. Ut is qui mulierem licet laicus duxerit uxorem sive ante baptismum, sive post baptismum, non admittatur ad clerum; quia eodem videtur vitio exclusus. In baptismo enim crimina dimittuntur, non acceptae uxoris consortium relaxatur.
 
VI,9. Ne is, qui secundam duxit uxorem, clericus fiat: quia scriptum est, “Unius uxoris virum”. Et iterum: “Sacerdotes mei semel nubant”. Et alibi: “Sacerdotes mei non nubent amplius”. Ac ne ab aliquibus existimetur, ante baptismum si forte quis accepit uxorem, et, ea de saeculo recedente, alteram duxerit, in baptismo esse dimissum, satis errat a regula, qui in baptismo hoc putat dimitti: remittuntur peccata, non acceptarum uxorum numerus aboletur: cum utique uxor ex legis praecepto ducatur in tantum, ut et in paradiso cum parentes humani generis conjungerentur, ab ipso Domino sint benedicti; et Salomon dicat, “A Deo praeparabitur viro uxor”. Quam formam etiam sacerdotes omnes servare usus ipse demonstrat Ecclesiae. Satis enim absurdum est aliquem credere, uxorem ante baptismum acceptam, post baptismum non computari; cum benedictio, quae per sacerdotem super nubentes imponitur, non materiam delinquendi dedisse, sed formam tenuisse legis a Deo antiquitus institutae doceatur. Quod si non putatur uxor esse computanda, quae ante baptismum ducta est, ergo nec filii, qui ante baptismum geniti sunt, pro filiis habebuntur.
 
(ed. Coustant 1845: 473-475)
Letter 2
 
IV,7. A cleric should not marry a woman [who was spoused before] because it is written, “A priest shall take a wife in her viriginity, not a widow, not a divorced one” [Lev 21:13-14]. Certainly if someone strives for the priesthood by his efforts and the integrity of his life, he should be careful lest this precedent would bar him.
 
V,8. And if someone married a woman [who was spoused before], he shall not be admitted among the clergy, no matter whether it happened before, or after the baptism. The baptism absolves the crimes, but it does not loose the bond with the wife that one took.
 
VI,9. If someone married for the second time, he shall not be made a cleric, for it is written: “the husband of one wife” [1 Tim 3:2; Titus 1:6]. And in another place: “my priests shall marry no more”. And let nobody think that if someone had taken a wife before his baptism, and after she receded from this world, he took another, it was forgiven in the baptism. It is an error to think that it can be forgiven in the baptism, for in the baptism the sins are absolved, and not the number of wives is abolished. It is by the commandment of the Law that the wife is taken, so that when the parents of the human family joined themselves, they were blessed by the Lord himself. And Solomon said: “The wife is prepared for a man by the Lord” [Prov 19:14]. And so the Church demonstrates that the priests have always obeyed this law. It is absurd that someone may believe that a wife taken before the baptism is not counted after the baptism, because it is taught that the blessing, imposed upon the spouses by the priest does not create the matter for sinning, but gives the form for observing the ancient law instituted by God. And if the wife taken before the baptism is not counted, so the sons generated before the baptism should not be considered sons.
 
(trans. S. Adamiak)

Discussion:

The ruling about the wives married before someone's baptim appears also in Letter 3 of Innocent I, written at the same time to the bishops of the Council of Toledo (the text is so similar that we do not repeat it). It may have been the result of the situation of the Spanish bishop Carterius, who remarried after the death of his first wife, whom he had married before his baptism. The ruling of Innocent I is contrary to the opinion of Jerome, expressed in Letter 69 (and repeated in "Apologia contra Rufinum" 1.32), who thought that "baptism washed away everything from one's former life, including marriage" (Dunn 2015: 105).

Place of event:

Region
  • Rome
  • Gaul
  • Iberian Peninsula
City
  • Rome
  • Rouen
  • Toledo

About the source:

Author: Innocent I
Title: Letters, Epistulae
Origin: Rome (Rome)
Denomination: Catholic/Nicene/Chalcedonian
Innocent I was the bishop of Rome from AD 401 to 417. Several of his letters, especially to the bishops of Gaul and Spain, are "decretals": authoritative letters containing papal rulings, usually in response to questions raised by the bishops.
Edition:
P. Coustant ed., S. Innocentii Papae Epistolae et Decreta, Patrologia Latina 20, Paris 1845, 463-608.
Bibliography:
G.D. Dunn, "Clerical Marriage in the Letters of Late Antique Roman Bishops”, [in :] Men and Women in the Early Christian Centuries, ed. W. Mayer, I.J. Elmer, Strathfield 2014, 293–313.
G.D. Dunn, "Innocent I and the Synod of Toledo”, [in :] The Bishop of Rome in Late Antiquity, ed. G.D. Dunn, Farnham, Burlington 2015, 89–107.
D. Jasper, H. Fuhrmann, Papal Letters in the Early Middle Ages, Washington 2001.
 

Categories:

Family life - Marriage
    Family life - More than one marriage
      Described by a title - Clericus
        Impediments or requisits for the office - Marriage
          Relation with - Wife
            Relation with - Woman
              Theoretical considerations - On priesthood
                Please quote this record referring to its author, database name, number, and, if possible, stable URL: S. Adamiak, Presbyters in the Late Antique West, ER1540, http://presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=6&SourceID=1540