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ID
PR 893
Crescens, presbyter in Rome, late 4th c.
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ER1964. Siricius, bishop of Rome, sends a letter by the presbyters Crescens, Leopardus and Alexander in which he declares that the gathering of the clergy of Rome ("presbyterium") condemned Jovinian and his followers, AD 393. Letter added to the collection of letters of Ambrose of Milan (Maur. 41a) = Letter 7 in the collection of letters of Siricius.ER1965. Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) replies to the letter of Bishop Siricius of Rome sent by presbyters Cresecens, Leopardus, and Alexander, which speaks of the condemnation of Jovianian. Ambrose gathers a synod in Milan that supports this condemnation. At the synod, Bishop Geminianus of Modena (Italy) is represented by his presbyter Aper. Letter of Ambrose and his fellow bishops to Siricius, Letter extra collectionem 15 (Maur. 42), AD 393.
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PR 895
Alexander, presbyter in Rome, late 4th c.
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ER1964. Siricius, bishop of Rome, sends a letter by the presbyters Crescens, Leopardus and Alexander in which he declares that the gathering of the clergy of Rome ("presbyterium") condemned Jovinian and his followers, AD 393. Letter added to the collection of letters of Ambrose of Milan (Maur. 41a) = Letter 7 in the collection of letters of Siricius.ER1965. Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) replies to the letter of Bishop Siricius of Rome sent by presbyters Cresecens, Leopardus, and Alexander, which speaks of the condemnation of Jovianian. Ambrose gathers a synod in Milan that supports this condemnation. At the synod, Bishop Geminianus of Modena (Italy) is represented by his presbyter Aper. Letter of Ambrose and his fellow bishops to Siricius, Letter extra collectionem 15 (Maur. 42), AD 393.
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PR 640
Agroecius, presbyter in Gaul, ca AD 385
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ER1402. The Emperor Maximus replies to Bishop Siricius of Rome about Agroecius whom the latter considers wrongfully ordained a presbyter, AD 385. Letter 40 in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the 6th c.
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PR 896
Aper, presbyter of Modena (Italy), late 4th c.
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ER1965. Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) replies to the letter of Bishop Siricius of Rome sent by presbyters Cresecens, Leopardus, and Alexander, which speaks of the condemnation of Jovianian. Ambrose gathers a synod in Milan that supports this condemnation. At the synod, Bishop Geminianus of Modena (Italy) is represented by his presbyter Aper. Letter of Ambrose and his fellow bishops to Siricius, Letter extra collectionem 15 (Maur. 42), AD 393.
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PR 393
Abundantius, presbyter in North Africa, 4th/5th c.
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ER710. Abundantius, a presbyter in one of the villages of the diocese of Hippo Regius (North Africa), breaks the fast on Christmas Eve and spends a night in the house of the female inn-keeper. He confessed his guilt and was deposed by his bishop, Augustine, who now grants him a recommendation letter to the presbyter of the village where he wants to settle, and admits that Abundantius may appeal to the council of six bishops. Account of Augustine, Letter 65, AD 401/402.
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PR 147
Donatus, presbyter in Iberian Peninsula ca 400
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ER118. Presbyter Comasius makes an anti-Priscillianist profession of faith along with his Bishop Symphosius, probably bishop of Astorga in Galicia (Iberian Peninsula) and Dictinius, another bishop from Galicia, in 400 AD. Acts of the Council of Toledo (Iberian Peninsula) 400 AD.
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PR 915
An anonymous cleric of unspecified grade from Italy, late 4th c.
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ER2008. Ambrose, bishop of Milan (Italy) in a philosophical treatise about duties "De officiis" discusses how modesty of clerics should express itself in their physical movement. He refers to two unnamed men from Milan who did not carry themselves physically in a proper way. One of them was not admitted by Ambrose to the clergy and later became an Arian, another was later involved in some financial mismanagment. Milan, the late 380s.
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PR 660
Anonymous presbyter in Merida (Iberian Peninsula), ca 381
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ER1415. According to Priscillian, bishop of Avila, his adversary and accuser, Bishop Hydatius of Merida shortly after the First Council of Saragossa in AD 380, was indicted by his own presbyter with ecclesiastical decrees. Priscillian of Avila, Tractate II (Book to Bishop Damasus of Rome), AD 381 or 382.
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PR 918
Donatus, presbyter in Milan (Italy), late 4th/early 5th c.
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ER1782. Donatus, a presbyter of African origin and member of the clergy of Milan, detracts from the memory of the late Bishop Ambrose of Milan, and is immediately struck down with illness and dies shortly after, 397/422. Account of Paulinus of Milan, Life of Ambrose, 412/413 or 422.
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PR 154
Spanus, presbyter in Gaul, ca 398
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ER374. Canon 4 of the Council of Turin (Italy, AD 398) confirms the judgement imposed on the layman Palladius by Bishop Triferius for intending to commit a crime against the Presbyter Spanus.
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PR 157
Exuperantius, presbyter in Gaul, ca 398
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ER379. Canon 5 of the Council of Turin (Italy, AD 398) decrees, dealing with the case of the Presbyter Exuperantius, that only the bishop who excommunicated a presbyter can reinstate him.
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PR 671
Bassianus, presbyter in Iberian Peninsula, late 4th c.
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ER1481. Pope Siricius (384-398) thanks Himerius, bishop of Tarragona (Iberian Peninsula), for his questions, sent to him by Presbyter Bassianus, and asks him to share his responses with other bishops of the Iberian Peninsula. Siricius, Letter to Himerius, Rome, AD 385.
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PR 672
Syrus, presbyter at Rome, late 4th c.
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ER1911. Bishop Ambrose of Milan (Italy) thanks Siricius, bishop of Rome, for his letter brought to Milan by the presbyter Syrus. He praises the presbyters and deacons who like Syrus diligently perform their duties. Ambrose of Milan, Letter 46 (Maur. 85), written in Milan, AD 384/397.
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PR 161
Orosius, presbyter from Galicia (Iberian Peninsula), ca 375-after 418
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ER387. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa (AD 649-651) replies to the letter of the presbyter Fructuosus in Galicia. He praises his monastic vocation, answers to his scriptural questions, warns him of the Priscillian heresy and says that he does not have the copies of the requested books (ca AD 651).ER402. Orosius, presbyter from Galicia (Iberian Peninsula), travels from Africa to Minorca (Balearic Isles) with relics of St Stephen. Being unable to cross over to Spain because of war he leaves the relics in the church in Magona, and goes back to Africa, in AD 418. Account of Severus of Minorca, Letter on the Conversion of the Jews, AD 418.ER497. The bishops gathered at the council of Carthage (North Africa), AD 416, write to Pope Innocent I about their continuous opposition to Caelestius, whom they refused to ordain as presbyter in AD 411 and who was ordained afterwards elsewhere. (Letter 175 in Augustine`s correspondence).ER603. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to Jerome, presbyter at Bethlehem, mentioning the presbyters Orosius and Innocent. Letter 19*, AD 416.ER604. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to Jerome in Bethlehem, praising the Spanish Presbyter Orosius, who is going to deliver this letter. Lettter 166, AD 415.ER605. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), mentions the Spanish presbyter Orosius and his travels in his letter to Evodius, bishop of Uzalis. Letter 169, AD 415.ER609. Jerome of Stridon, a presbyter in Bethlehem, writes to Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), mentioning presbyters Orosius and Firmus. Letter 134, AD 416.ER623. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to a Roman nobleman, Oceanus, mentioning the presbyter Orosius and his recent travels between Palestine, Rome and Africa. Letter 180, AD 416.ER674. Orosius, presbyter from the Iberian Peninsula, writes seven books "Against the pagans", ca AD 410-423. Account in the "Lives of Illustrious Men" by Gennadius of Marseille, writing in Marseille (Gaul), ca AD 490.ER880. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), refers to Presbyters Orosius, Jerome, and Urbanus in the context of the Pelagian controversy. Augustine, Sermon 348A (Dolbeau 30), AD 416.ER951. The Burgundians become Christians and received Roman clergy who provided them pastoral care. The beginning of the fifth century. Account of Orosius, "History against the pagans" written probably in Africa in AD 416–418.ER953. Caelestius, disciple of Pelagius wants to be ordained presbyter in Carthage (North Africa), but is not allowed to by the council in 411. Presbyter Orosius relates this case at the assembly in Jerusalem in AD 415. Orosius, Liber Apologeticus, AD 415.ER954. Orosius, presbyter from Braga (Iberian Peninsula) composes the Book in Defence against the Pelagians (Liber Apologeticus) as a consequence of his participation in the conference presided over by John, bishop of Jerusalem (East) in AD 415. He addresses his work to the priests present at this assembly.ER975. Bishop John of Jerusalem (Palestine) accuses Presbyter Orosius who came to pay him his respects on the day of the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem of blasphemy (12 September 415). Orosius, Book in Defence against the Pelagians, AD 415.ER1041. Orosius, presbyter from Braga (Iberian Peninsula) addresses his work on the Priscillianist and Origenist heresies to Bishop Augustine of Hippo (Latin North Africa), whom he considers his teacher, in order to inform him what spiritual dangers threaten the Christianity in Spain, Orosius`s fatherland. Orosius, Commonitorium written in North Africa, AD 414.ER1341. Avitus, presbyter of Braga (Iberian Peninsula) writes a letter to Bishop Balconius Braga and his clergy, in which he informs about the discovery of the relics of St. Stephen in Caphargamala (Palestine). He attaches to the letter his translation of the account about the discovery of relics, written by the presbyter Lucianus of Caphargamala, AD 416.ER1702. Presbyter Orosius` historical writings (early fifth century) are the source of information for Gregory of Tours. Account of Gregory of Tours, "Histories", Tours (Gaul), AD 573–594.
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PR 673
Eusebius, presbyter in Italy, active also in Palestine, 4th/5th c.
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ER1483. Pope Anastasius I sends a letter to Simplicianus, the bishop of Milan, via the Presbyter Eusebius, who is also an enemy of the heresy of Origen (Letter 95 in the epistolary of Jerome), AD 400.ER1485. Eusebius, probably the presbyter in Italy originally from Cremona, writes a letter to Bishop Cyril of Alexandria in which he denounces to him a certain Valerianus, slave of the comes Valerius, for diligently supporting Pelagianism, AD 418. Letter 49 in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the sixth century.
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PR 674
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PR 930
Leo, presbyter in Rome, 4th/5th c.
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ER2038. Funerary inscription of the Presbyter Leo in Rome. 4th/5th c.
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PR 169
Jerome of Stridon, presbyter in Antioch, Rome, and Bethlehem
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ER429. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, recalls how while still a presbyter he wrote his first letter to Jerome. Augustine, Letter 71, North Africa, ca AD 403.ER603. Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), writes to Jerome, presbyter at Bethlehem, mentioning the presbyters Orosius and Innocent. Letter 19*, AD 416.ER609. Jerome of Stridon, a presbyter in Bethlehem, writes to Augustine, bishop of Hippo (North Africa), mentioning presbyters Orosius and Firmus. Letter 134, AD 416.ER624. The presbyter Cornutus carries a letter of Hesychius, bishop of Salona (Dalmatia) to Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), and Augustine`s response back to Hesychius. Letters 197 and 198 in Augustine`s correspondence, AD 419/420.ER645. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) receives letters from the presbyter Jerome in Bethlehem via the presbyter Firmus (among others). Letter 82, AD 404/405.ER657. Jerome is ordained presbyter in Rome, ca AD 382/385, the city in which he had been educated. Account in the "Lives of Illustrious Men" by Gennadius of Marseille, writing in Marseille (Gaul), ca AD 490.ER880. Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa), refers to Presbyters Orosius, Jerome, and Urbanus in the context of the Pelagian controversy. Augustine, Sermon 348A (Dolbeau 30), AD 416.ER964. Augustine, the bishop of Hippo Regius (North Africa) includes the presbyter Jerome in the list of the authority figures who have maintained the doctrine of original sin. Augustine, "Against Julian", AD 421/422.ER1439. Bishop Innocent of Rome in the letter to Aurelius, bishop of Carthage, calls Jerome his "compresbyter", AD 417. Letter 44 included in the Collectio Avellana, compiled in the second half of the 6th c.ER2057. Jerome, presbyter in Bethlehem, explains to Presbyter Paulinus of Nola that it is impossible to be both a presbyter and a monk. Jerome, Letter 58, ca 395.ER2066. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Augustine of Hippo (North Africa), later bishop of that city. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 4, AD 395.ER2205. Jerome, commenting on the letters of Paul, claims that in the early Church presbyters held the same authority as bishops, and the dioceses were governed by the councils of presbyters. Jerome, Commentary on Titus, Betlehem, ca 388.ER2392. Draft: Epifanius, bishop of Salamina (Cyprus) explains the reasons for ordaining Paulinianus as presbyter; among them that Jerome and Vincentius did not perform presbiterial duties. Letter 51 in the correspondence of Jerome, AD 394.ER2397. Jerome, presbyter in Bethlehem, writes to Amandus, presbyter in Bordeaux, responding about biblical queries. Jerome, Letter 55, ca AD 394 .
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PR 939
Amandus, presbyter in Bordeaux (Gaul), later bishop of that city, the turn of the 4th and 5th century
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ER2062. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, describes to Presbyter Amandus of Bordeaux (Gaul) the circumstances of his presbyterial ordination which took place on Christmas 394 in Barcelona (Iberial Peninsula). Account of Paulinus of Nola, Letter 2, AD 395.ER2068. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to the presbyter Amandus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus values Amandus` vigils and prayers very high, since Amandus remained celibate. Account of Paulinus of Nola, Letter 12, AD 397/398.ER2069. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Amandus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus` letter is carried by Sanemarius, his former slave, whom Paulinus sends to Bordeaux to serve in the church under Amandus. Sanemarius is to receive a plot of church land in arrangement with Presbyter Exsuperius. Account of Paulinus of Nola, Letter 12, AD 397/398.ER2071. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Amandus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus intervenes on behalf of Presbyter Basilius of Capua (Italy) who was expelled from his house by Daducius, a nobleman from Aquitania. Paulinus of Nola, Letter 12, AD 397/398.ER2397. Jerome, presbyter in Bethlehem, writes to Amandus, presbyter in Bordeaux, responding about biblical queries. Jerome, Letter 55, ca AD 394 .
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PR 940
Exsuperius, presbyter in Bordeaux (Gaul), later possibly bishop of Toulouse, the turn of the 4th and 5th century
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ER2069. Presbyter Paulinus, later bishop of Nola, writes to Presbyter Amandus of Bordeaux (Gaul). Paulinus` letter is carried by Sanemarius, his former slave, whom Paulinus sends to Bordeaux to serve in the church under Amandus. Sanemarius is to receive a plot of church land in arrangement with Presbyter Exsuperius. Account of Paulinus of Nola, Letter 12, AD 397/398.
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